朝鲜韵书与《洪武正韵》对比研究

发布时间：2019-04-24 11:47

【摘要】：《洪武正韵》是明清时期非常重要的一部官方韵书，它是明朝颁布的重要韵书。在当时，虽然存在很多缺陷，但仍然是明初官方韵书，是许多重要韵书的参考。但是它也遗留给了后人众多的疑问，作为一部明朝官方韵书，为何与当时资料所显示的时音有很大差别，是《洪武正韵》没有反应时音，还是其他材料的反映错误，有待查证。《翻译老乞大朴通事》、《四声通解》是朝鲜著名语言学家崔世珍编纂的朝鲜时期重要的汉语教科书。两书均是以《洪武正韵》为框架，《翻译老乞大朴通事》分为左音、右音来表示时音的变化，而《四声通解》更是包含了正音、俗音、今俗音三种系统，来反映当时汉语的实际情况，且二书均是创制于《训民正音》之后，运用表音体系的谚文来标注读音，是研究明朝时期汉语的活化石，是最好的佐证。本文在前人研究的基础上，运用对音比较、归纳、演绎、共时与历时等比较方法，充分运用谚文表音的特点，与《洪武正韵》相对比，研究明朝时期语音特点。本文共分为六部分，第一章分为五节，，简要介绍了朝鲜汉字音的历史情况、朝鲜韵书的研究概况、本文选取材料的主要来源及研究方法和目的。第二章分为两节，介绍了朝鲜时期两步重要韵书《翻译老乞大朴通事》、《四声通解》的注音体系。第三章分为两节，分别从声韵调等方面介绍《洪武正韵》的注音体系，通过表格，更明晰地表现出《洪武正韵》所体现的音韵体系。第四章分为三节，分别从声韵调三个方面运用《翻译老乞大朴通事》中的语音与《洪武正韵》进行列表对比分析，从而分析出《洪武正韵》是否反映了当时试音。第五章分为三节，分别从声韵调三个方面运用《四声通解》中的语音与《洪武正韵》进行列表对比分析，从而分析出《洪武正韵》是否反映了当时时音。各章都围绕声母中知庄章合并问题、声母清浊问题、韵母变化问题及入声是否保留问题展开讨论。最后通过对比分析，指出《洪武正韵》虽是官方韵书，但并没有完全反映出明朝的时音，而通过基本朝鲜韵书的佐证，从而考察明朝时期语音变化，浊音已然清化，知庄章组字按照一定规律合并，入声消失，但是并未完全消失，个别字有所保留。
[Abstract]:Hongwu rhyme is a very important official rhyme book in Ming and Qing dynasties, and it is an important rhyme book issued by Ming Dynasty. At that time, although there were many defects, it was still the official rhyme book in the early Ming Dynasty, which was the reference of many important rhyme books. But it also left a lot of questions to posterity, as an official rhyme of the Ming Dynasty, why there is a great difference from the time sounds shown in the data at that time, whether the Hongwu rhyme does not respond to the time sound, or other materials to reflect errors, to be verified. It is an important Chinese textbook compiled by Cui Shizhen, a famous Korean linguist. Both books are based on "Hong Wu True rhyme," which is divided into left and right notes to indicate the changes in time sounds, and the four-tone interpretation contains three systems, namely, orthodoxy, vulgarity, and modern vulgarity, which are divided into left and right notes to indicate the change of the time tone, and the four-tone interpretation contains three systems: orthodoxy, vulgarity and modern vulgarity. To reflect the actual situation of Chinese at that time, and the two books were created after the "trainee orthophonic", the use of phonetic system to annotate pronunciation, is the study of the Ming Dynasty Chinese living fossils, is the best evidence. On the basis of previous studies, this paper makes full use of the features of proverbs to study the phonological characteristics of the Ming Dynasty by means of contrastive comparison, induction, deduction, synchronic and diachronic methods, and makes full use of the features of proverbs and in contrast with Hongwu Zhengyun. This paper is divided into six parts, the first chapter is divided into five sections, a brief introduction to the history of Korean Chinese characters, the general situation of the Korean rhyme book, the main sources, research methods and purposes of the material selected in this paper. The second chapter is divided into two sections, which introduces the phonetic system of the two-step rhyme of the Korean period. The third chapter is divided into two sections, respectively from the phonological tone and other aspects of the introduction of "Hongwu Zhengyun" phonetic system, through tables, more clearly show the phonological system embodied in "Hongwu Zhengyun". The fourth chapter is divided into three sections. From three aspects of phonology and rhyme, the phonetics and Hongwu rhyme are compared and analyzed in order to find out whether Hongwu Zhengyun reflects the audition at that time. The fifth chapter is divided into three sections, respectively from the phonology of "four tone interpretation" and "Hongwu True Rhyme" are compared and analyzed from three aspects, so as to analyze whether the "Hongwu True Rhyme" reflects the time sound at that time or not. All chapters focus on the consonant combination problem, the vowel clearing problem, the vowel change problem, and the question of whether or not to retain the accents in the consonants. Finally, through comparative analysis, it is pointed out that although Hongwu Zhengyun is the official rhyme book, it does not fully reflect the time sound of the Ming Dynasty, but through the corroboration of the basic Korean rhyme book, the phonological changes of the Ming Dynasty period are examined, and the voiced sound has become clear. Zhizhuangzhang group words merge in accordance with a certain law, the sound disappears, but not completely disappeared, individual words have reservations.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H114

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