现代汉语粘合式区别词定语语序考察

发布时间：2019-04-25 15:36

【摘要】：区别词定语最突出的特点就是其语序的不确定性和灵活性。本文在前人相关研究的基础上，，从韵律、语义、认知的角度出发，对粘合式多项区别词定语的语序进行进一步研究。本文从韵律角度探讨制约多项区别词定语语序的强制性原则，从语义的角度挖掘更多制约语序的语义因素，并运用认知凸显原则对多项区别词定语语序的不确定现象做出统一的解释。本文共分为以下五章：第一章绪论，总结前人对于多项定语和区别词定语的相关研究，指出粘合式定语内部的语序问题及其内部的动因，以及尚未发现和解决的问题。说明本文采用的理论方法，研究范围及语料来源。第二章多项区别词定语语序的韵律规则，通过引入韵律理论，细致地探讨了多项区别词定语语序中存在的韵律规则。在套叠关系的多项区别词定语结构类型中，定语语序遵循着“双音节"多音节单音节”这一强制规则和“完整式非完整式”这一区别词变形规则。第三章多项区别词定语的语义语序，主要运用语义接近原则，依据区别词定语与中心语之间的语义关系，从语义角度将粘合式区别词定语偏正结构的语义类型分成形式类、界限类、等级类、特征类、性质类等5大类，5大类又下辖15小类。基于实际语料，运用排列组合方法，对不同语义类型进行两两排列，得出5大类之间的语义语序和15小类之间的语义语序：第四章多项区别词定语语序的认知凸显原则，引进认知凸显理论，认为粘合式偏正结构的意象是一种单一性的意象，并不突显区别词所表示的性质。称谓性是粘合式区别词偏正结构最主要的功能，类似一个表类指的通名。用认知凸显原则对具体的语料进行详细地解释，说话人要凸显中心语的某一侧面时，通过对定语语序的调整，使得凸显中心语此侧面的定语成为注意的焦点，其就居于定语语序的最前端，即“凸显成分其他成分”。凸显往往与信息有着密切的联系，对区别词定语语序的调整其实是说话人有意凸显某一信息所采取的句法手段。多项区别词定语语序的信息分布是说话人越想要凸显的信息，往往置于最前端，即“新信息旧信息”。第五章结语，首先认为韵律规则和语义语序及认知凸显原则三者之间是紧密联系的，在一定条件下存在一致性。然后总结本文的主要研究成果，最后指出文章的不足之处。
[Abstract]:The most prominent feature of distinguishing attributive is the uncertainty and flexibility of its word order. On the basis of previous studies, this paper makes a further study on the word order of cohesive multi-item distinguishing attributive from the perspective of prosody, semantics and cognition. From the prosodic point of view, this paper discusses the mandatory principle of restricting the order of multiple attributive words, and excavates more semantic factors that restrict the word order from the semantic point of view. By using the principle of cognitive salience, this paper makes a unified explanation of the uncertainty of the attributive order of many different words. This paper is divided into the following five chapters: the first chapter summarizes the previous studies on multiple attributive and distinguished attributive, and points out the problem of word order within cohesive attributive and its internal motivation, as well as the problems that have not been discovered and solved. This paper explains the theoretical method, the scope of research and the source of the corpus. In the second chapter, the prosody rules of the attributive order are discussed in detail by introducing the prosodic theory and the prosodic rules existing in the attributive order of the multi-distinguishing words are discussed in detail. The attributive order follows the compulsory rule of "disyllabic" polysyllabic monosyllabic "and" intact non-holonomic ". In the third chapter, according to the semantic relationship between the attributive and the central language, the semantic types of the cohesive attributive are divided into formal classes from the semantic point of view, which is mainly based on the principle of semantic proximity and the semantic relationship between the attributive and the central language of the distinguishing word, and the semantic order of the attributive is classified into formal classes from the semantic point of view. Limit class, grade class, characteristic class, property class and so on 5 big classes, 5 big classes and under the jurisdiction of 15 sub-classes. Based on the actual corpus, the different semantic types are arranged in pairwise by the method of arrangement and combination, and the semantic word order among five categories and the semantic word order between 15 sub categories are obtained. Chapter four is the cognitive salience principle of multi-attribute word order. With the introduction of cognitive salience theory, it is considered that the image of cohesive positive structure is a unitary image, and does not highlight the nature expressed by different words. Appellation is the main function of the positive structure of cohesive discriminator, similar to the generic name of a table class. The cognitive salience principle is used to explain the specific corpus in detail. When the speaker wants to highlight a side of the central language, through the adjustment of the attributive word order, it becomes the focus of attention to highlight the attribute on this side of the central language. It lies in the front-end of attributive word order, that is, "highlight other components". Prominence is often closely related to information. The adjustment of attributive word order is actually the syntactic means used by the speaker to highlight a certain information. The information distribution of multiple discriminating attributive word order is that the speaker wants to highlight the information, which is often put at the front end, that is, "the new information and the old information". Chapter five concludes that the prosody rule, semantic word order and cognitive salience principle are closely related to each other, and there is consistency under certain conditions. Then summarize the main research results of this paper, and finally point out the shortcomings of the article.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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