幽默，说话人的意图和听话人的理解失败
发布时间：2019-05-18 04:19
【摘要】：幽默，作为人类较集中的一个多功能因素，多年来引起了广泛的关注，各界学者从不同的角度展开了对幽默的各种研究。由于语言向来被看作是幽默的载体，近年来，在语言学界，特别是语用学领域，越来越多的关于幽默的研究犹如雨后春笋般涌现，它们大都是将合作原则和关联理论应用到了研究幽默的产生和理解上。从合作原则来探究幽默的研究指出，幽默一般都是通过违反合作原则的四个次准则产生的，而关联理论则认为幽默的理解是一种寻求关联的过程。说话人的意图是格赖斯的意义理论中一个关键性的概念，它认为，话语的含义是由说话人的意图来决定的。而言语幽默既然是伴随着话语产生的，那么，说话人的意图一定和幽默的生成有着一定的联系。因此，本文即是试图揭示言语幽默和说话人的意图之间的关系，说明说话人的意图在言语幽默的产生过程中起到什么样的作用。另外，，本文还有意说明为什么有些情况下，说话人意在传达的幽默无法成功被听话人识别。 为了解决以上问题，我首先收集了一些小笑话并对其中的幽默的产生做了分析。分析发现，说话人说的话语本身并不好笑，而是对话中产生的一些分歧导致了幽默的产生。经过深入对比研究，我发现了四种导致幽默产生的分歧情况，它们分别是说话人的意图和听话人的理解之间的差异，说话人的意图和语境间的冲突，说话人的信息意图和交流意图之间的分歧，以及说话人对现实的概念和现实本身间的差异。另一方面，我收集了一些小笑话和美国情景剧中的场景对话，通过它们中幽默产生的方式，我尝试探究了其幽默理解失败的原因。一般来说，语言能力或背景知识的不足，或者是语境的不合适，是导致听话人无法明白说话人意欲表达的幽默的主要原因。
[Abstract]:Humor, as a multifunctional factor in human concentration, has attracted extensive attention over the years. Scholars from all walks of life have carried out various studies on humor from different angles. Because language has always been regarded as the carrier of humor, in recent years, in the field of linguistics, especially in the field of pragmatics, more and more studies on humor have sprung up like bamboo shoots after a spring rain. Most of them apply the principle of cooperation and relevance theory to the production and understanding of humor. The study of humor from the perspective of cooperative principle points out that humor is generally produced by violating the four sub-criteria of cooperative principle, while relevance theory holds that the understanding of humor is a process of seeking relevance. The intention of the speaker is a key concept in Grice's meaning theory, which holds that the meaning of discourse is determined by the intention of the speaker. Since verbal humor is accompanied by discourse, then the intention of the speaker must be related to the generation of humor. Therefore, this paper attempts to reveal the relationship between verbal humor and the speaker's intention, and to explain what role the speaker's intention plays in the process of verbal humor. In addition, this paper also intends to explain why in some cases, the humor conveyed by the speaker can not be successfully recognized by the hearer. In order to solve the above problems, I first collected some small jokes and analyzed the emergence of humor. It is found that the speech itself is not funny, but some differences in the dialogue lead to humor. After in-depth comparative study, I have found four kinds of differences that lead to humor, which are the differences between the speaker's intention and the hearer's understanding, and the conflict between the speaker's intention and the context. The differences between the speaker's information intention and the communication intention, as well as the difference between the speaker's concept of reality and the reality itself. On the other hand, I collected some small jokes and conversations in American situational scenes, and through the way humor was produced in them, I tried to explore the reasons for the failure of humor understanding. Generally speaking, the lack of language ability or background knowledge, or the inappropriateness of context, is the main reason why the hearer can not understand the humor that the speaker wants to express.
【学位授予单位】：广东外语外贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H030
本文编号：2479663
[Abstract]:Humor, as a multifunctional factor in human concentration, has attracted extensive attention over the years. Scholars from all walks of life have carried out various studies on humor from different angles. Because language has always been regarded as the carrier of humor, in recent years, in the field of linguistics, especially in the field of pragmatics, more and more studies on humor have sprung up like bamboo shoots after a spring rain. Most of them apply the principle of cooperation and relevance theory to the production and understanding of humor. The study of humor from the perspective of cooperative principle points out that humor is generally produced by violating the four sub-criteria of cooperative principle, while relevance theory holds that the understanding of humor is a process of seeking relevance. The intention of the speaker is a key concept in Grice's meaning theory, which holds that the meaning of discourse is determined by the intention of the speaker. Since verbal humor is accompanied by discourse, then the intention of the speaker must be related to the generation of humor. Therefore, this paper attempts to reveal the relationship between verbal humor and the speaker's intention, and to explain what role the speaker's intention plays in the process of verbal humor. In addition, this paper also intends to explain why in some cases, the humor conveyed by the speaker can not be successfully recognized by the hearer. In order to solve the above problems, I first collected some small jokes and analyzed the emergence of humor. It is found that the speech itself is not funny, but some differences in the dialogue lead to humor. After in-depth comparative study, I have found four kinds of differences that lead to humor, which are the differences between the speaker's intention and the hearer's understanding, and the conflict between the speaker's intention and the context. The differences between the speaker's information intention and the communication intention, as well as the difference between the speaker's concept of reality and the reality itself. On the other hand, I collected some small jokes and conversations in American situational scenes, and through the way humor was produced in them, I tried to explore the reasons for the failure of humor understanding. Generally speaking, the lack of language ability or background knowledge, or the inappropriateness of context, is the main reason why the hearer can not understand the humor that the speaker wants to express.
【学位授予单位】：广东外语外贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H030
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 刘乃实,熊学亮;浅析言语幽默的维护面子功能[J];外语教学;2003年06期
本文编号：2479663
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