汉语量词的单调性特征研究
发布时间：2019-05-19 09:45
【摘要】：自然语言中的量词单调性特征指的是当我们增加或者减少NP或者VP所指谓的集合成员数量时，逻辑表达式的值是否会受到影响。单调性问题是形式语义学研究中的重要课题，与广义量词现象关系密切。对单调性的研究已有三十多年的历史，，国际语义学界对于单调性的理论探讨已经取得了丰富的成果，相比之下，结合汉语语言事实的相关研究寥寥无几。 本文主要是在BarwiseCooper(1981)的广义量词理论框架下，借助集合语言(settalk)和真值条件语义学(Truth-conditionalSemantics)研究汉语限定量化词(D-quantifier)的主语单调性和谓语单调性。研究问题主要有三个：1)汉语限定量词有何单调性特征？2)根据汉语限定量词的单调性特征，我们能否从单调性角度得出量词的一些语义普遍性？3)除了单调性方面的普遍性，英汉语对应的量词还可能表现出单调性方面的差异，这些差异有哪些？如何得到解释？ 关于第一个问题，我们先从句法分布和语义解释等方面描述了汉语中的部分限定量词，然后应用单调性理论分析汉语实例，得出典型的全称量词、存在量词和模糊量词的单调性特征，并将他们以表格的形式呈现出来。关于第二个问题，我们通过观察单调性分布规律，得出限定量词的一些语义普遍性，如所有的存在量词主语都单调递增，谓语在肯定性语境中都单调递增，在否定性语境中都单调递减。关于最后一个问题，我们从单调性出发，讨论英汉语对应量词的不同之处。结果发现，英语中有些单调量词，在汉语中找不到与其相对应的词，比如no；汉语中另外一些量词，虽然和英语中相对应的词具有相同的单调特征，但是在表达形式上却不及英语简单。这些差异的原因可能归于汉语是一门高度解析性的语言。 通过对汉语限定量词的单调性特征研究，我们得出了单调量词的一些语义普遍性和差异性，从而深化了已有的认识。同时，由于限定量词理论上具有不可穷尽性，加上我们讨论的是汉语中的一些典型量词，所以给本研究造成了不足之处。我们期待进一步的研究去深化自然语言的形式语义处理。
[Abstract]:The monotone feature of classifiers in natural language refers to whether the value of logical expressions will be affected when we increase or decrease the number of collection members referred to by NP or VP. Monotonicity is an important topic in the study of formal semantics, which is closely related to the phenomenon of generalized classifiers. The study of monotonicity has been studied for more than 30 years. The theoretical discussion of monotonicity in the field of international semantics has made rich achievements. In contrast, there are few relevant studies combined with the facts of Chinese language. In this paper, the subject monotonicity and predicate monotonicity of Chinese qualified quantized words (D-quantifier) are studied by means of set language (settalk) and truth-valued conditional semantics (Truth-conditionalSemantics) under the framework of BarwiseCooper (1981)'s generalized quantifier theory. There are three main problems in the study: 1) what are the monotone characteristics of Chinese qualified classifiers? 2) according to the monotone characteristics of Chinese qualified classifiers, Can we get some semantic universality of classifiers from the perspective of monotonicity? 3) in addition to the universality of monotonicity, the corresponding classifiers in English and Chinese may also show monotone differences, what are these differences? How to get an explanation? With regard to the first problem, we first describe some qualified classifiers in Chinese from the aspects of syntactic distribution and semantic interpretation, and then apply monotonicity theory to analyze Chinese examples and obtain typical full-name classifiers. There are monotone characteristics of classifiers and fuzzy classifiers, and they are presented in the form of tables. With regard to the second problem, by observing the law of monotonicity distribution, we obtain some semantic universality of finite quantitative words, such as the monotone increment of all existential quantifiers and the monotonous increase of predicates in positive context. In the negative context, it is monotonous and decreasing. With regard to the last problem, we discuss the differences between English and Chinese corresponding classifiers from the point of view of monotonicity. It is found that there are some monotone classifiers in English, and no corresponding words can be found in Chinese, such as no;. Although some other classifiers in Chinese have the same monotone characteristics as the corresponding words in English, they are not as simple in expression as in English. The reason for these differences may be that Chinese is a highly analytical language. Through the study of the monotone features of Chinese qualified classifiers, we obtain some semantic universality and differences of monotone classifiers, thus deepening the existing understanding. At the same time, because the limited quantitative words are inexhaustible in theory, and we are discussing some typical classifiers in Chinese, this study has caused shortcomings. We look forward to further research to deepen the formal semantic processing of natural language.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146
本文编号：2480619
[Abstract]:The monotone feature of classifiers in natural language refers to whether the value of logical expressions will be affected when we increase or decrease the number of collection members referred to by NP or VP. Monotonicity is an important topic in the study of formal semantics, which is closely related to the phenomenon of generalized classifiers. The study of monotonicity has been studied for more than 30 years. The theoretical discussion of monotonicity in the field of international semantics has made rich achievements. In contrast, there are few relevant studies combined with the facts of Chinese language. In this paper, the subject monotonicity and predicate monotonicity of Chinese qualified quantized words (D-quantifier) are studied by means of set language (settalk) and truth-valued conditional semantics (Truth-conditionalSemantics) under the framework of BarwiseCooper (1981)'s generalized quantifier theory. There are three main problems in the study: 1) what are the monotone characteristics of Chinese qualified classifiers? 2) according to the monotone characteristics of Chinese qualified classifiers, Can we get some semantic universality of classifiers from the perspective of monotonicity? 3) in addition to the universality of monotonicity, the corresponding classifiers in English and Chinese may also show monotone differences, what are these differences? How to get an explanation? With regard to the first problem, we first describe some qualified classifiers in Chinese from the aspects of syntactic distribution and semantic interpretation, and then apply monotonicity theory to analyze Chinese examples and obtain typical full-name classifiers. There are monotone characteristics of classifiers and fuzzy classifiers, and they are presented in the form of tables. With regard to the second problem, by observing the law of monotonicity distribution, we obtain some semantic universality of finite quantitative words, such as the monotone increment of all existential quantifiers and the monotonous increase of predicates in positive context. In the negative context, it is monotonous and decreasing. With regard to the last problem, we discuss the differences between English and Chinese corresponding classifiers from the point of view of monotonicity. It is found that there are some monotone classifiers in English, and no corresponding words can be found in Chinese, such as no;. Although some other classifiers in Chinese have the same monotone characteristics as the corresponding words in English, they are not as simple in expression as in English. The reason for these differences may be that Chinese is a highly analytical language. Through the study of the monotone features of Chinese qualified classifiers, we obtain some semantic universality and differences of monotone classifiers, thus deepening the existing understanding. At the same time, because the limited quantitative words are inexhaustible in theory, and we are discussing some typical classifiers in Chinese, this study has caused shortcomings. We look forward to further research to deepen the formal semantic processing of natural language.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146
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