“每……都”结构中“都”的隐现规律及其成因探析

发布时间：2019-06-04 14:54

【摘要】：“每”是现代汉语中的常用词,“每”经常加上数量词组来表示全体,副词“都”是现代汉语中使用频率比较高的一个词,在表示范围的意义上,“都”是一个表示总括的全称量化词,通常对名词性成分进行全称量化。“每……都”结构也是我们日常以及对外汉语教学中经常看到的句式,这个句式中“每”和“都”都有表达全称量的意思,但是我们发现“都”并不是在所有的这样句式中都可以出现的。因此,本文针对这个问题分析“都”在“每……都”句式中什么时候不可出现、什么时候可不出现、什么时候必须出现。本文基于国家语委语料库以及北京大学现代汉语语料库,首先论述三种情况出现的条件,然后从“每”在句子中的量化需求、“都”的语义指向以及谓语动词的语义影响等方面来分析原因,总结“都”在“每……都”句式中的隐现规律。本文分为五个小节：第一节：绪论。主要介绍文章的研究内容、研究意义、研究现状和研究方法。第二节：对“都”不可出现的情况进行总结,并分析原因。通过对众多语料的考察。总结出“每+数词+量词+名词”中的数词不为“一”的时候,以及数量短语直接充当谓语的时候,“都”在句中不能出现；并通过“每+数词+量词+名词”的不确定性以及“都”和数量词组的语法性质分析了其中的原因。第三节：对“都”可不出现的情况进行总结,并分析原因。总结出“都”可不出现的情况包括：谓语后出现数量词组、“每”字结构做状语、句中出现其他副词、句中出现停顿以及“不同”类集合性谓词的出现；其中“都”可不出现一方面是为了满足“每”对句子量化的需求,另一方面也受到其他成分的阻隔以及谓词语义的影响。第四节：指出“都”必须出现的情况,归纳出“都”的出现与否关键还是看句中有没有可满足“每”对句子量化所需的变量成分。第五节：结语。对全文内容进行总结归纳,得出结论。
[Abstract]:"every" is a common word in modern Chinese. "every" often adds quantitative phrases to denote the whole. The adverb "du" is a word that is more frequently used in modern Chinese, in the sense of scope. Du is an omnibus full name quantifier, which usually carries on the full name quantification to the nominal element. "every. The structure of du "is also a sentence pattern that we often see in our daily and teaching Chinese as a foreign language. In this sentence pattern," every "and" all "have the meaning of expressing full weight. But we find that all can not appear in all such sentence patterns. Therefore, in view of this problem, this paper analyzes the "all" in each. When can not appear in the sentence pattern, when can not appear, when must appear. Based on the Corpus of the National language Commission and the Modern Chinese Corpus of Peking University, this paper first discusses the conditions for the emergence of the three situations, and then discusses the quantitative requirements of "each" in the sentence. The semantic direction of du and the semantic influence of predicate verbs are analyzed, and the reasons are summarized. The hidden law in the sentence pattern of du ". This paper is divided into five sections: the first section: introduction. This paper mainly introduces the research content, research significance, research status and research methods. Section II: summarize the situation that "capital" can not appear, and analyze the reasons. Through the investigation of many corpus. It is concluded that when the numerals in each numerator noun are not "one", and when the quantitative phrase acts as a predicate directly, "du" cannot appear in the sentence. The causes are analyzed through the uncertainty of "every quantifier noun" and the grammatical nature of "du" and quantitative phrase. Section 3: summarize the situation that "du" can not appear, and analyze the reasons. It is concluded that the non-occurrence of "du" includes: quantitative phrases appear after predicates, "each" word structure is used as adverbial, other adverbs appear in sentences, pauses occur in sentences and the emergence of "different" collective predicates; On the one hand, "du" does not appear to meet the needs of sentence quantification, on the other hand, it is also affected by the separation of other components and the semantics of predicates. Section 4: points out the situation that "du" must appear, and sums up whether the key to the emergence of "du" is to see if there are any variables in the sentence that can meet the needs of "each" to quantify the sentence. Section V: conclusion. Summarize the content of the full text, and draw a conclusion.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H146

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