缺省语义学框架下的话语理解研究

发布时间：2021-08-15 23:17

　　语言常被定义为用于交际的工具,因此意义的理解对于成功交际具有决定作用。语言学家业已提出多种意义理论,描写和阐释自然语言会话中的语言机制。格莱斯的“会话含意”理论、斯珀伯和威尔逊的“关联理论”以及巴赫的“隐含含意”理论都倾向于推理性理解策略,认为语言交际要依靠规则和原则对意义进行推理。这些理论虽然具有强大解释力,占据主导地位,但自诞生之日起便受到来自“反推理主义”语言学者的攻击,他们强调话语理解是自动、非自省以及缺省的过程。二者之间的论战至今尚无定论。本文引介了“缺省语义学”这一非推理性话语理解理论。“缺省语义学”这一术语由杰斯泽佐尔特于2005年在其同名专著中正式提出。该理论以“交际行为”为研究对象,其对应的“合并表征”具有真值条件,各种信息来源同步作用,赋予“合并表征”以真值。缺省语义学研究“首要意义”或称“显著意义”,提出“首要意义”与“明说”不同,不受句法限制。虽然当前很多语言学理论在一定程度上都表现出“缺省”的特点,比如列文森的“一般会话含意”,阿舍和拉斯卡里兹的“分段语篇表征理论”,巴赫的“缺省推理”以及雷卡纳蒂的“自动充实”,但是,相对于这些理论,缺省语义学更加明确地描写了... 

【文章来源】：河北大学河北省

【文章页数】：88 页

【学位级别】：硕士

【文章目录】：
Abstract
摘要
Chapter 1 Introduction
    1.1 Issues to be Resolved
    1.2 Research Methodology
        1.2.1 Literature Analysis
        1.2.2 Empirical Research
    1.3 Research Goals and Significance
    1.4 Outline of the Thesis
Chapter 2 Theories of Meaning
    2.1 Extant Theories on Explicit/Implicit Meaning
        2.1.1 Paul Grice: Implicature
        2.1.2 Relevance Theorists: Explicature and Implicature
        2.1.3 Kent Bach: Impliciture
    2.2 Extant Theories on “Default”
        2.2.1 Paul Grice: Conventional Implicature and GCI
        2.2.2 Relevance Theorists: Spontaneous Inference
        2.2.3 Levinson: GCI
        2.2.4 Asher and Lascarides: SDRT
        2.2.5 Kent Bach: Default Reasoning
        2.2.6 Fran?ois Recanati: Automatic Enrichment
    2.3 Kasia Jaszczolt: Default Semantics
Chapter 3 Traditional Models and the Default Model of Utterance Interpretation
    3.1 Inferentialism versus Anti-inferentialism?
    3.2 Flaws With Traditional Models
        3.2.1 Failure in Mirroring Interpretative Speed and Efficiency
        3.2.2 Arbitrariness in the Derivation of Implicated Meaning
        3.2.3 Absence of Psychological Evidence
        3.2.4 Problems With Terminologies
    3.3 Merits With Default Semantics
        3.3.1 Parsimony of Levels
        3.3.2 Terminological Perspicuity
        3.3.3 Mirroring Speed and Efficiency of Utterance Interpretation
        3.3.4 Formalization of Linguistic Phenomenon
Chapter 4 Primary Meaning and Default Interpretation
    4.1 DS’Theory of Meaning
        4.1.1 Primary Meaning
        4.1.2 Secondary Meaning
        4.1.3 Meaning Compositionality
        4.1.4 Merger Representation “∑”
    4.2 Default Interpretation
        4.2.1 The 2007 Model
        4.2.2 The 2005 Model
        4.2.3 Differences and Connections Between the Two Models
    4.3 Cognitive Defaults and Social-Cultural Defaults
        4.3.1 Cognitive Defaults
        4.3.2 Social-Cultural Defaults
    4.4 Applications of DS
        4.4.1 Defaults for Definite Descriptions
        4.4.2 Defaults for Future Tense
        4.4.3 Defaults for Number Terms
Chapter 5 A Tentative Empirical Study
    5.1 Process
        5.1.1 Participants
        5.1.2 Research Design and Sample Questions
    5.2 Results and Discussion
        5.2.1 Statistical Results
        5.2.2 Primary Meaning As Largely Used in Daily Communication
        5.2.3 Default Semantics Compatible With the Chinese Language
        5.2.4 Further Discussion
Chapter 6 Conclusion
    6.1 Advantages of DS Over Traditional Approaches
    6.2 DS As a Successful Theory of Utterance Interpretation
    6.3 Limitations and Possible Future Research
Works Cited
Bibliography
Appendix
Acknowledgements


【参考文献】：
期刊论文
[1]默认语义学对语义学、语用学界面的研究及其评价[J]. 张权,李娟.  外国语(上海外国语大学学报). 2006(01)
[2]篇章表述理论概说[J]. 潘海华.  国外语言学. 1996(03)



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