基于RCI模型的反预期构式“没有X的a,却有Y的b”的认知研究

发布时间：2018-01-26 01:46

本文关键词： “没有X的a 却有Y的b” 反预期构式 RCI模型　出处：《四川外国语大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来汉语中出现了一个十分时髦的反预期构式“没有公主的命,却有公主的病”,随后若干人根据这一说法仿造出了150种类似的表达,本文将其概括为“没有X的a,却有Y的b”(以下简称“MQ-Construction”),目前已有学者研究了与其相关的构式,但尚未有人研究该构式及其认知机制,更缺少语料数据支撑。本文拟基于认知语言学(含构式语法)将认知参照点理论发展为多重认知参照点理论,并与构式压传观有机结合,建立RCI模型(R代表Multiple Reference Point Theory,C代表Coercion Theory,I代表Inheritance Theory)。此模型从两个维度解释了该构式的生成机制。一,在横组合维度上,尝试用多重参照点解释其不同类型的认知机制,即解决该构式是如何被感知和理解的。“X”是“a”的参照点,“Y”是“b”的参照点,“没有X的a”是“却有Y的b”的参照点,这三者结合起来,语义的焦点是后半句。二,在纵聚合维度上,尝试用构式压传观解释其不同类型之间的压制与传承,探讨从原型构式到非原型构式之间的自我复制机制。本文遵循构式语法的一般研究方法,分别从句法、语义、语用三个层面来解释该构式的认知生成机制,同时从国内最大的两个搜索引擎百度搜索和谷歌进行穷尽性搜索,共获150条语料,对其进行定性定量分析。我们基于RCI模型并结合语料分析发现,在句法上,该构式根据X和Y的词性可分为三类,如表1所示,Type A1因其特殊的语用效果引起了人们的争相模仿,因此数量最多,如上例句所示,属于原型构式。Type A2和Type B是在RCI模型下经过多重认知参照点理论和构式压传下衍生出来的变体,因此数量较少。在句法上,我们讨论了该构式的构成成分和结构形式。(1)从构成成分看,该构式可分两小类:固定成分和可替换成分,X和Y大多是具体名词(含专有名词和泛指名词)或抽象名词;(2)从结构形式看,该构式前半句是“没有”引领的带有否定意义的分句,后半句是“却”引导的带有转折意义的肯定分句。在语义上,该构式以“却”为参照点发挥了承上启下的作用,以“没有X的a”作为参照点,引出了“却”字后面的内容,为该构式的语义焦点。此外,构式对构件有压制,构件对构式本身也有压制,进入此构式的两个半句在语义上具有对立性关联。在语用上,通过对比和反预期形成一种押韵、幽默、调侃、嘲讽的语用效果,它既陈述了主体“X”和“Y”的一些相对特征,同时还表明了发话人的主观态度和评价,是一种主观性很强的功能句型。人具有类推能力,自从“没有公主的命,却有公主的病”这一构式说开以后,敏感人士迅速传承使用,仿拟出了150条此类表达,为现代汉语研究又形成了一种新的修辞格。
[Abstract]:In recent years, there has been a very fashionable anti-expectation construction in Chinese, "there is no princess's life, but princess's disease", and then several people have copied 150 similar expressions based on this statement. In this paper, we generalize it as "a without X, but b of Y" (hereinafter referred to as "MQ-Construction"), which has been studied by some scholars. However, no one has studied the construction and its cognitive mechanism and lacks the support of corpus data. This paper intends to develop the theory of cognitive reference point into multi-cognitive reference point theory based on cognitive linguistics (Constructive Grammar). The RCI model is established to represent Multiple Reference Point Theory. C stands for Coercion Theory I for Inheritance Theory.This model explains the generation mechanism of the construct from two dimensions. In the horizontal combination dimension, we try to explain the different types of cognitive mechanism with multiple reference points, that is, to solve how the construction is perceived and understood. "X" is the reference point of "a" and "Y" is the reference point of "b". "A without X" is the reference point of "but b of Y", which is combined, and the semantic focus is on the second half sentence. Second, in the vertical aggregation dimension. This paper attempts to explain the suppression and inheritance between different types by using the Constructional Pressure-passing concept, and discusses the self-replicating mechanism from the archetypal to the non-archetypal constructions.This paper follows the general research methods of the construction grammar, respectively from the syntactic point of view. Semantic, pragmatic three levels to explain the construction of cognitive generation mechanism, at the same time from the two largest search engines Baidu search and Google exhaustive search, a total of 150 corpus. Based on the RCI model and the corpus analysis, we find that the construction can be divided into three categories according to X and Y parts of speech syntactically, as shown in Table 1. Because of its special pragmatic effect, Type A1 has aroused people's competition for imitation, so it has the most quantity, as shown in the example above. The archetypal constructions. Type A2 and Type B are variants derived from multiple cognitive reference point theory and construction pressure transfer under the RCI model, so the number of them is relatively small and syntactically. We discuss the composition and structural form of the construction. (1) from the point of view of the composition, the construction can be divided into two sub-categories: fixed component and replaceable component. X and Y are mostly concrete nouns (including proper nouns and generic nouns) or abstract nouns. (2) in terms of structural form, the first half of the construction is a negative clause led by "no", and the latter one is a positive clause with a turning point, which is led by "but". The construction takes "but" as the reference point and takes "a without X" as the reference point, which leads to the content behind the word "but", which is the semantic focus of the construction. The construction has the suppression to the component, the component also has the suppression to the construction itself, the two half sentences entering this construction have the opposite relation in the semantics. In the pragmatics, through the contrast and the counter-expectation forms a kind of rhyme, the humor, the ridicule. The pragmatic effect of sarcasm, which not only states the relative characteristics of the subject "X" and "Y", but also shows the speaker's subjective attitude and evaluation, which is a kind of functional sentence pattern with strong subjectivity. Since the construction of "there is no princess's life, but princess's disease", sensitive people have quickly passed on the use of 150 such expressions, forming a new rhetorical figure for the study of modern Chinese.
【学位授予单位】：四川外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.3

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