二语水平对句子层面语码转换的影响：来自眼动的证据

发布时间：2018-03-19 05:08

本文选题：语码转换　切入点：二语水平　出处：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：语码转换一直是双语词汇激活的重要研究议题,备受国内外语言学和心理学研究者的关注。他们在语言产出和语言理解两个层面上,采用了不同研究范式开展了诸多研究,提出了不同的语码转换提取模型、探究了语码转换代价的来源、分析了语码转换激活的脑区等。然而,这些研究仍然存在如下不足:1)在研究层面上,注重语言产出,而忽视了语言理解的研究,为数不多的语言理解研究结果还存在争议;2)对于语码转换的目标语言,关注拼音文字书写系统的语言偏多,如:英语,德语和西班牙语,而关注汉语这种表意文字的书写系统的研究偏少,关注英语汉语之间转换的研究更少;3)对于呈现范式,以往多是脱离语境单独呈现词汇的范式,不太符合自然阅读规律。而且,词汇判断范式还涉及到任务的转换,其研究结果难以独立反映语码转换的效应:4)对于加工进程,当前的语码转换研究中常用的反应时指标只反映语码转换的最终结果,并不能为深入探讨语码转换者内部认知过程研究提供帮助。针对以上不足,本文的研究问题是:1)汉英双语者在句子理解层面上的语码转换有什么特征? 2)二语水平对语码转换代价及其不对称性有什么影响?本文利用眼动分析技术,采用句子阅读范式和2X4的实验设计(高低二语水平X四种语码转换方式),在68名汉英双语者中开展了语码转换的研究。其中,高水平和低水平各34名。本文的研究发现:1)在句子理解层面上,汉英双语者存在较为明显的语码转换代价,且具有不对称性。表现为:一语转换到二语的代价大于二语转换到一语;从加工进程上看,切换代价及其不对称性呈现逐渐增加的趋势,早期和中、晚期的增幅较大。2)二语水平明显影响汉英双语者的转换代价,表现为二语水平越高,二语转换代价越小,水平差异只表现在晚期加工;此外,本文没有发现二语水平对转换代价的对称性和加工进程产生明显影响。
[Abstract]:Code-switching has always been an important research topic of bilingual lexical activation, which has attracted the attention of linguistic and psychological researchers both at home and abroad. They have adopted different research paradigms to carry out many studies at the two levels of language production and language understanding. Different code-switching extraction models are proposed, the source of code-switching costs is explored, and the brain regions activated by code-switching are analyzed. While ignoring the study of language understanding, the results of the few studies on language understanding are still controversial. For the target language of code-switching, there are more languages that focus on phonetic writing systems, such as English, German and Spanish. However, there are less researches on the writing system of Chinese ideographic characters and less on the translation between English and Chinese. The lexical judgment paradigm also involves task switching, and its research results can hardly independently reflect the effect of code-switching: 4) for the processing process, the commonly used reaction time indicators in current code-switching research only reflect the final results of code-switching. It is not helpful for the further study of the internal cognitive process of code-changers. In view of the above deficiencies, the research question in this paper is: (1) what are the features of code-switching at the level of sentence comprehension among bilingual Chinese and English? 2) what effect does L2 level have on the cost of code-switching and its asymmetry? Using eye movement analysis technique, using sentence reading paradigm and 2X4 experimental design (high and low L2 level X four code-switching methods), a study of code-switching was carried out in 68 Chinese-English bilinguals. The present study shows that at the level of sentence comprehension, Chinese-English bilinguals have significant code-switching costs. And it has asymmetry. It shows that the cost of converting from one language to second language is greater than that from second language to one language; from the point of view of processing process, the switching cost and its asymmetry show a trend of increasing gradually, in the early and middle, The higher the level of L2, the smaller the cost of L2 conversion, and the lower the L2 conversion cost, the more the difference is only in late processing, and the higher the L2 level is, the lower the L2 conversion cost is, and the higher the L2 level is, the lower the L2 conversion cost is. We do not find that L2 level has a significant effect on the symmetry of conversion cost and the process of processing.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H09

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