类固定短语“A来B去”的共时、历时考察及概念整合度分析

发布时间：2018-03-21 02:35

本文选题：“A来B去”　切入点：句法　出处：《扬州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：类固定短语“A来B去”以“来、去”为固定成分,“A、B”为可变成分,其中的“A”“B”最为常见的是单音节的语素或词,可以相同,也可以不同。“A、B”的词性除了常见的动词以外,还有名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词等。“来、去”在不同的组合中表现出意义实在、意义较虚、意义虚化等情况。“A”与“来”、“B”与“去”的句法关系主要有主谓、中补与偏正三种。该结构中“A、B”的位序具有一定的规律性,总体上符合动作先后顺序、自然顺序等,称为正序,也存在规律之外的情况,本文称为倒序。采用正序还是倒序主要跟“A、B”两者的地位是否对等以及“来、去”的虚化程度有关。句法方面,“A来B去”的句法功能虽然会受制于“A、B”的词性,但是整体上表现出强烈的谓词性特征。语义方面,“A”和“B”之间的语义关系有三种:语义相同或相近、相反与相关,“A来B去”的整体语义有表动作或形状的持续与反复、表事物数量繁多、表事物性质或状态等,表述功能主要有表陈述、表指称、表陈述三种。该结构表示不同语义时,对“A、B”的词性有一定的限制。语用方面,“A来B去”主要表达消极的感情色彩和主观大量,具有以简洁的形式表示足量信息的功用。“A来B去”结构最早出现在西汉。魏晋南北朝时期,“A、B”为名词、形容词、动词、数词、副词的“A来B去”开始出现萌芽,此时的类固定短语以“来、去”为核心,构成成分之间关系松散,整合度低,格式义不明显。隋唐时期,“来、去”出现虚化,位移义及方向性减弱,产生“反复”义,整体有了一定的整合度与凝固性。宋元时期,“来、去”有继续虚化成为话语标记的趋势,格式的整合度更高。到了明清,“A来B去”发展迅速,数量激增,类型完善,少数“A来B去”固化为成语,与现代汉语的“A来B去”在语义与句法上相差无几。进入现代汉语阶段,“A来B去”数量不断增加,能产性更强。按照语义、句法以及固化程度高低,将“A来B去”的整合度分为低、次低、次高、高四个等级。
[Abstract]:A fixed phrase "A, A, B," is fixed, "A" is a variable, "A" "B" is a monosyllabic morpheme or word, it can be the same or different. "A" has a noun in addition to the common verbs. Adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, numerals, etc. The syntactic relations between "A" and "Lai", "B" and "go" are mainly subject-predicate in different combinations. There are three kinds of middle complement and partial correction. The order of "AZB" in this structure has certain regularity, and generally accords with the sequence of action, natural sequence, etc., which is called positive order. This paper is called inverted order. The adoption of positive order or reverse order is mainly related to the equivalence of the status of "Aneb" and the degree of "coming, going". In syntax, the syntactic function of "A, B," is restricted by the part of speech of "AZB". But there are three semantic relationships between "A" and "B", which are the same or close to each other, and are related to each other, and the overall semantics of "A to B go" have the continuity and repetition of the table action or shape. There are three kinds of representation functions: tabular statement, tabular reference, tabular representation and so on. There are some limitations on the part of speech of "Anib". In pragmatic aspect, "A to B" mainly expresses negative emotional color and subjective mass. The structure of "A to B go" first appeared in the Western Han Dynasty. During the Northern and Southern dynasties of Wei, Jin and Jin dynasties, "Anib" began to sprout as a noun, adjective, verb, numeral and adverb. At this time, the fixed phrase "come, go" as the core, the relationship between the components is loose, the degree of integration is low, the meaning of format is not obvious. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, "come, go" appeared to be fictitious, the meaning of displacement and direction was weakened, and the meaning of "repetition" was produced. The whole had a certain degree of integration and solidification. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, there was a tendency of "coming, going" to continue to become a discourse marker, and the integration degree of the format was even higher. By the Ming and Qing dynasties, "A to B" had developed rapidly, with a rapid increase in number and perfect types. A few "A to B go" solidify into idioms, which are no different from the modern Chinese "A to B go" in terms of semantics and syntax. In the modern Chinese stage, the number of "A to B go" has been increasing, and it is more productive. According to semantics, Syntactic and solidification degree, the integration degree of "A to B go" is divided into four grades: low, second low, second high and high.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.3

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