一组“大”类近义词的对比分析及其对外汉语教学

发布时间：2018-03-23 13:25

本文选题：大　切入点：近义词　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近义词一直以来都是对汉语教学中的一个难点。特别是具有相同元素的近义复合词,留学生总是容易出现混用的情况。本文选取了一组具有代表性的近义复合词——“伟大,高大,巨大,广大”来进行对比分析以及整理外国留学生使用的偏误情况。本文以HSK动态作文语料库和中山大学国际汉语学校的《汉字偏误标注的汉语连续性中介语语料库》为语料来源,对搜集到的语料进行分析。归纳出外国留学生在这几个词上出现的偏误,并对偏误进行分析,在此基础上提出针对具有相同语素的近义复合词的教学建议,希望对这类教学现状有所帮助。本文首先从词汇的双音化进程着手,分析了词汇系统自古以来以单音节词为主发展到现代汉语中以双音节复合词为主的演变渠道和原因。并且提出词汇的演变系统是语言使用者和词汇系统自身发展共同所致。接着,论文从不同角度分析了“伟大,高大,巨大,广大”这四个词的作用,对这一组“大”类词群进行了对比分析。并根据搜集到的语料对出现的偏误情况进行分析,如词汇意义上的偏误,语法语用上的偏误,汉字书写上的偏误。最后提出了具有针对性的教学建议,用语素分析法,反义词分析法,词语搭配法等对近义词进行多方位辨析,加强偏误预治和近义词偏误词典的编写。通过以上策略相信能够使对外汉语教学发展的更加成熟,完善。
[Abstract]:Synonyms have always been a difficult point in Chinese teaching. Especially for synonyms with the same elements, foreign students are always prone to mixed uses.In this paper, a group of representative synonyms-"Great, tall, tall," are selected. Huge, This paper uses the HSK dynamic composition corpus and the Chinese continuous Interlanguage Corpus of Sun Yat-sen University International Chinese School as the source of the data. On the basis of the analysis of the collected corpus, the errors of the foreign students in these words are summarized, and the teaching suggestions for the synonymous compound words with the same morpheme are put forward on the basis of the analysis of the errors. I hope it will be helpful to the present situation of this kind of teaching. First of all, this paper begins with the process of dichotomization of vocabulary. This paper analyzes the evolution channels and reasons of monosyllabic words and disyllabic compound words in modern Chinese since ancient times, and points out that the lexical evolution system is the development of language users and lexical systems themselves. Together. And then, This paper analyzes the function of "great, tall, huge and broad" from different angles, and makes a comparative analysis of the group of "big" words. For example, errors in lexical meaning, grammatical and pragmatic errors, and errors in writing Chinese characters. Finally, the author puts forward some specific teaching suggestions, such as morpheme analysis, antonym analysis, collocation, and so on. It is believed that the above strategies can make the development of teaching Chinese as a foreign language more mature and perfect.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195.3

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