简牍文献中秦及汉初奴婢制度的特征

发布时间：2018-03-23 14:08

本文选题：敦煌　切入点：氏族谱　出处：《敦煌学辑刊》2017年01期

【摘要】：奴婢是秦及汉初的一个贱民阶层。研究奴婢制度的特征,有助于我们全面而又深刻地认识奴婢这一弱势群体。文章以简牍文献为主,结合传世经典文献,对秦及汉初奴婢制度的特征进行了分析。其特征如下:一是各阶层普遍拥有奴婢。二是不同时期奴婢的主要来源成分不同。战国时期奴婢主要来自于战俘,秦朝奴婢主要来源于罪犯及其收孥而来的罪犯家属。秦末汉初奴婢主要来源于破产农民。三是民间奴婢买卖盛行。四是奴婢用途广泛。奴婢除当作商品用来交换外,还从事各种生产劳动,包括家内杂务和农业、手工业生产及经商,男奴充兵或代主人服役,女婢殉葬。五是奴婢有一定的社会地位,体现在生命权、财产权及法律地位上。
[Abstract]:Slaves and maidservants are an untouchable stratum in Qin and early Han dynasties. Studying the characteristics of slave and maidservant system is helpful for us to fully and profoundly understand this vulnerable group. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the slave maidservant system in Qin and early Han Dynasty. The characteristics are as follows: first, all classes generally have slaves; second, the main sources of slaves in different periods are different. The slaves of warring States period mainly came from prisoners of war. Slaves in the Qin Dynasty mainly came from criminals and their families who received children. Slaves mainly came from bankrupt peasants in the late Qin Dynasty and the early Han Dynasty. Third, folk slave maidservants were popular. Fourth, slaves were widely used. Slaves were used as commodities, except for commodities. He also engaged in various kinds of productive labor, including household chores and agriculture, handicraft production and business, male slaves serving in the army or serving for their masters, and female maidservants being buried. Fifth, slaves and maidservants have a certain social status, which is reflected in the right to life, property rights and legal status.
【作者单位】：西安财经学院学报编辑部;
【分类号】：H121;K877.5

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