汉语“博物馆”、“博物院”的产生及使用——以19世纪外汉字典、中文报刊为中心

发布时间：2018-03-30 20:04

本文选题：世纪　切入点：博物馆　出处：《东南文化》2016年03期

【摘要】：museum是西方近代文化的代表,近代博物馆知识、理念和思想传入中国面临的第一个问题就是狭隘意义上的翻译问题,而通过考察museum一词在19世纪的翻译及使用情况,可以从一个侧面窥见博物馆知识早期传播的景象。在museum及其对应西方词汇的翻译过程中,中西方人士均参与其中,基督教新教传教士、天主教传教士、林则徐及其翻译班子等都是其间最重要的推动力量。通过对19世纪外汉字典的研究发现,至1844年,museum一词后来被广泛采用的"博物馆"、"博物院"两种汉语译名均已出现,但在这一时期的中文报刊中,"博物院"一词的使用频率要远远高于"博物馆"。同时,将museum翻译为"博物院"的译法也逐渐被晚清时期的中国士人广泛采用。由此,museum这一西方文化的舶来品完成了其本土化的第一步。
[Abstract]:Museum is the representative of western modern culture. The first problem that modern museum knowledge, ideas and ideas come into China is the translation problem in narrow sense.The early spread of museum knowledge can be seen from a side view.In the process of translating museum and its corresponding western words, both Chinese and western people participate in it. Protestant missionaries, Catholic missionaries, Lin Zexu and his translation team are the most important driving forces.Through the study of the Chinese dictionary in the 19th century, it was found that by 1844 when the word "museum" was widely used, both Chinese translations of "museum" had appeared.But in the Chinese press of this period, the term "museum" was used more frequently than "museum".At the same time, the translation of museum into Museum was widely used by Chinese scholars in the late Qing Dynasty.
【作者单位】：深圳博物馆;
【分类号】：H139

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