语气词“呢”的功能及来源再议

发布时间：2018-04-01 17:17

  本文选题：“呢”　切入点：事态与情态　出处：《语言教学与研究》2017年05期

【摘要】：人们通常认为,语气词"呢"有事态和情态两种用法,前者表"持续",后者表"申明",后者是前者语法化的结果,而表"持续"的"呢"则是由方位词"里"("埾")虚化而来的。然而,对"呢"的用法与来源的考察告诉我们,"呢"(包括其曾用字)本质上或为记音字或称象声词,表示确认及申明语气,提醒听话人注意某一事态为其基本功能。某些语境中的"呢"之所以能读出持续义,主要是人的回溯推理能力在起作用。可以说,持续义是"呢"字句的语境浮现义,是一种语用衍推义。即便是"呢"在某些语句中的"持续义"已经不断得到强化乃至规约化,甚而可被列为独立的义项,我们依然应当承认这是语用法语法化的结果。
[Abstract]:It is generally believed that there are two uses of mood word "state of affairs" and "state of state". The former shows "continuous", the latter "affirms", and the latter is the result of grammaticalization of the former, while the "sustained" of the modal is formed by the vacuity of the azimuth word "Li" ("Li"). The latter is the result of grammaticalization of the former and the latter is the result of the grammaticalization of the former.However, the investigation of the usage and source of "er" tells us that "er" (including its used words) is essentially a phonetic word or a pictograph, indicating a confirmed and declared tone, and reminding the hearer to pay attention to a certain state of affairs is its basic function.The reason why "er" in some contexts can read the persistent meaning is that human's ability of backtracking reasoning is at work.It can be said that the persistent meaning is the contextual emerging meaning of the sentence, which is a kind of pragmatic derivation.Even though the "persistent meaning" in some sentences has been strengthened and even regularized and can even be classified as an independent meaning, we should still admit that it is the result of grammaticalization of usage.
【作者单位】： 日本神户市外国语大学中文系;
【分类号】：H146.2
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本文编号：1696545