关于形式动词“进行”“加以”的发生学研究

发布时间：2018-04-19 04:29

本文选题：进行 + 加以　；参考：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：不表示实在行为意义的他动词被称为形式动词。以往有关形式动词的研究主要集中于共时描写层面,至于这类词如何由一般动词演变为形式动词,包括演变过程和转变动因,有关研究明显滞后。为补苴罅漏,本文通过中国知网全文检索,利用收集到的相关史料,对现代汉语形式动词中的两个典型成员即"进行"和"加以"开展历时考察,揭示它们如何由一般动词演变为形式动词。全文由五章组成。论文第一章,从总体性研究和个案性研究两个方面回顾形式动词研究历程,在指出不足的基础上,说明本文研究内容和预期目标。同时对本文研究的语料来源、研究思路、操作方法等等给予必要交代。论文第二章,首先利用有关史料客观展示形式动词"进行"演进过程。指出:起初(1920年以前)"进行"属于自动词,表示物体位移;后来(1920年至1930年)该词衍生出"从事"之意,并产生了他动词用法;再后来(1930年以后)在作为他动词使用的情况下意义虚化,并由一般动词转变为形式动词。然后,对引发"进行"词性演变的原因——即为什么原来只是作为自动词使用,后来有了他动词用法,再后来又从一般他动词转化为形式动词的原因——从"进行"的意义特点、语法分布、语用背景、社会需要等角度,作了较为全面的发生学探讨。论文第三章,首先利用所掌握的有关史料客观展示形式动词"加以"演进的历程。指出:"加以"原本属于跨层结构,后在词汇化作用下演化为一般他动词,同时由表示"加上"之义演变为表示"施加"之义。起初(1920年以前?)在"加以"后面出现的宾语都是名词性的,后来(1920年以后)随着"加以"的逐步凝固化,其后出现的宾语不仅有名词性的同时也有谓词性的,再后来(1930年以后)其后出现的宾语几乎都是谓词性的了。至此,"加以"意义彻底虚化(虚化到即便拿掉也无损句义表达),并走完了向形式动词转变的全过程。完成以上描述后,文章对"加以"先由跨层结构演变为一般动词再由一般动词演变为形式动词的原因,从内部成分、整体构造、语法分布、社会背景和语用需要以及音步组合规律等角度,作了全方位的发生学探讨。论文第四章,对"进行"和"加以"的发生学过程进行对照。在比较异同的基础上,着重就汉语形式动词的产生原因和发展规律,加以提炼性总结。论文第五章,盘点本文所做工作,坦诚说明本文不足和遗憾,汇报笔者对于本课题研究的未来设想。
[Abstract]:His verb, which does not signify the meaning of a real act, is called a formal verb.Previous researches on formal verbs mainly focus on synchronic description. As to how these words change from general verbs to formal verbs, including the process of evolution and the motivation of change, the study is obviously lagging behind.In order to fill the gap, this paper, by searching the full text of the Chinese knowledge Network and using the relevant historical data collected, carries out a diachronic investigation of the two typical members of the modern Chinese formal verbs, namely, "carrying out" and "giving them".Reveal how they evolve from general verbs to formal verbs.The full text consists of five chapters.In the first chapter, the author reviews the history of formal verb research from two aspects: the totality study and the case study. On the basis of pointing out the deficiencies, the research contents and expected goals of this thesis are explained.At the same time, this study of the source of the corpus, research ideas, operational methods and so on to give a necessary account.In the second chapter, we use the historical data to show the evolution of formal verbs.It is pointed out that at first (before 1920) the word "go" is an automatic word indicating the displacement of an object, but later (from 1920 to 1930) the word "to do" is derived from the meaning of "engaged" and the use of other verbs is produced.Later (after 1930) the meaning became empty and changed from a general verb to a formal verb in the case of his verb.Then, the reason for the evolution of part of speech-that is, why it was used only as an automatic word, but later in the use of other verbs,Then, from the point of view of the characteristics of meaning, grammatical distribution, pragmatic background, social needs and so on, the author makes a comprehensive discussion on the generology of the transformation of other verbs into formal verbs.In the third chapter, we use the historical data to show the evolution of formal verbs.It is pointed out that "Ze" originally belongs to a cross-layer structure and then evolves into a general other verb under the action of lexicalization. At the same time, the meaning of "added" is changed into the meaning of "exertion".At first (before 1920)The objects that appear after "be" are nominal. Later (after 1920), with the gradual solidification of "to be", the objects that appear afterwards are not only nominally but also predicate.Later (after 1930), the objects that followed were almost predicative.At this point, the meaning of "Bei" is completely empty (the meaning of the sentence is undamaged even if removed, and the whole process of the transformation to the formal verb is completed.After completing the above description, the article first changes the "Bei" from a cross-layer structure to a general verb and then from a general verb to a formal verb, from the internal composition, the whole structure, the grammatical distribution,From the perspective of social background, pragmatic needs and the combination of phonetic steps, this paper makes a comprehensive discussion on generology.Chapter four contrasts the genetic process of "go" and "be".On the basis of comparison of similarities and differences, this paper summarizes the causes and development rules of Chinese formal verbs.Chapter five, take stock of the work done in this paper, frankly explain the shortcomings and regrets of this paper, report the author's future ideas for this research.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.3

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