《现代汉语词典》（第6版）新增名词造词理据研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 17:00

本文选题：《现代汉语词典》(第6版)新增名词 + 逻辑理据　；参考：《湖南理工学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以《现代汉语词典》(第6版)的新增名词为语料,对其造词理据进行定量统计和定性分析,并归纳总结其特点。文章共分为六章。第一章:绪论。介绍研究意义、研究现状、研究设计。第二章:造词是一种逻辑思维活动,新增名词造词也遵循了一定的逻辑规律。新增名词内部词素与词素之间的逻辑关系主要体现在九个方面:同一关系、同位关系、对立关系、从属关系、支配关系、判断关系、限定关系、重合关系、说明关系。第三章:造词是一种语言活动,造词的材料、方式、手段等都与语言的语音、语法、语义等密不可分。语音是语言的物质存在形式,也是人类最原始的一种造词方法,新增名词中有45条是通过摹声和谐音这两种语音的方式产生的。语法是语言的组织法则,合成词的构词受到语法规律的制约。新增名词的构词词素有单纯词素,也有合成词素。新增名词的结构层次,双音节中1+1式占绝对优势,三音节中以2+1式为主,四音节中以2+2式为主。结构关系有复合式、附加式、重叠式,其中以定中复合式为主。语义是词的内容,语义的作用在于给词所联系的事物确定一个合适的范畴。新增名词大多为“X+名词素”式,名词素一般规定了新增名词的属范畴,再通过X限定到类范畴。从语义角度看,新增名词的最小语义单位有类属元、功能元、成分元、形状元、颜色元、处所元、方式元、时间元、数目元、领有者元、性质元、行为元等。第四章:修辞是加强语言表达效果的一种手段。人们在造词时也会自觉地运用各种修辞手法,使词义更加鲜明,表达更加生动形象。新增名词主要运用了比喻、借代、夸张、婉言、简缩、拆字、转类等修辞方式造词。第五章:文化与词汇的关系密切,民族文化会在语言词汇中直接或间接地有所反映。宗教文化、颜色文化、禁忌文化、图腾文化等在部分新增名词中有所体现。第六章:结论。通过对新增名词进行封闭式的分析,我们发现新增名词造词理据具有以下几个方面的特点。(1)新增名词的产生体现语言的理据性而非任意性。(2)新增名词的造词方式多样化。(3)新增名词的内部理据是不平衡的。(4)新增名词的造词基础是名词素。(5)从逻辑上来说,新增名词的主要造词方法是限定关式。从语法结构上来说,新增名词的主要造词方法是偏正式。(6)新增名词同族词语的理据具有差异性,个体名词的理据具有多重性。
[Abstract]:This article uses the new nouns of the modern Chinese Dictionary (Sixth Edition) as the corpus to make a quantitative statistics and qualitative analysis of the motivation of the word making, and sum up its characteristics. The article is divided into six chapters. Chapter 1: introduction. The introduction. Introduces the significance of the study, the research status, the research and design. The second chapter is a logical thinking activity, and the new nouns are also followed. The logical relationship between the internal morphemes and morphemes of the new nouns is mainly embodied in nine aspects: the same relationship, the same relationship, the opposite relationship, the subordinate relationship, the dominant relation, the relation of judgment, the relation, the relation and the relation. The third chapter is a language activity, the material, mode, means and so on. Phonetics, grammar, and semantics are inseparable. Pronunciation is the material existence form of language, and it is also the most primitive method of making words for human beings. 45 of the new nouns are produced by copying the two kinds of phonetic sounds. Grammar is the organization rule of language, the word formation of the synthetic words is restricted by the grammatical rules. New nouns are added. Word morphemes have simple morphemes and synthetic morphemes. The structure level of the new nouns, the 1+1 form of the double syllable is absolute superiority, the three syllables are mainly 2+1, and the four syllables are mainly 2+2. The structure relationship is compound, additional and overlapping, which is mainly composed of the fixed medium. The semantic is the content of the word, the semantic function is related to the word. The newly added nouns are mostly "X+ nouns", which generally specify the category of new nouns and then by X to class categories. From the semantic point of view, the smallest semantic units of the new nouns include class genera, function element, component element, shape element, color element, element, mode, time, and number. The fourth chapter: rhetoric is a means to strengthen the effect of language expression. People will use various rhetorical devices consciously to make the words more vivid and vivid. New nouns mainly use metaphor, borrowing, exaggeration, euphemism, contraction, dismantling, and conversion. The fifth chapter: the relationship between culture and vocabulary is close, the national culture will reflect directly or indirectly in the language vocabulary. Religious culture, color culture, taboo culture, totem culture, etc. are reflected in some new nouns. The sixth chapter: conclusion. Through the closed analysis of the new nouns, we find new noun making arguments Features of the following aspects. (1) the creation of new nouns embodies the motivation of the language rather than arbitrariness. (2) the creation of new nouns is diversified. (3) the internal motivation of the new nouns is not balanced. (4) the basis of the new nouns is noun. (5) the main word making method of new nouns is the limit type. From the grammatical structure, the main word making method of the new nouns is formal. (6) the motivation of the new nouns is different, and the motivation of the individual nouns is multiplicity.

【学位授予单位】：湖南理工学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.1

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