《释名》异名同实词语研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 03:06

本文选题：词语 + 释名　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：《释名》是中国语言学史上第一部语源学要著,主要采用声训的训释方法,在阐明事物名称含义的同时,探究事物命名之初的“所以之意”,即事物得名之因,在我国语言史上具有重要的地位。目前学术界对《释名》的研究日益深入,其学术价值也不断被更多的学者认识和挖掘。异名同实现象,是《释名》所收词语中的一种非常突出的语言现象。通过对该书异名同实词语进行研究,分析其呈现形式,梳理其类型特征,探究其主要成因等,不仅可以展现上古汉语中异名同实词语的基本面貌与特征,而且可以挖掘异名同实词语存在的语言学意义与社会学意义。《释名》中的异名同实词语的呈现形式,根据其所用训诂术语的不同,可分为三种:一是不加限制的呈现形式,主要有“或曰”式、“又曰”式、“又谓之”式、“或谓之”式、“亦曰”式。二是加有限制的呈现形式,主要有“××(时代、地区)曰”式、“××(地区、时代、典籍)谓之”式、“××(地区、时代)谓A为B”式、“××(地区)谓A曰B”式。三是其他呈现形式,如“今……是也”“或名”等形式。《释名》中的异名同实词语可分为两大类。根据同一事物异名的数量分类,该书中的异名同实词语可分为“两名一实”“三名一实”“四名一实”“五名一实”和“六名一实”五个类型。其中“两名一实”型是《释名》异名同实词语的主要类型。根据同一事物异名的音节分类,该书中的异名同实词语可分为单音节异名同实词语、双音节异名同实词语和混合音节异名同实词语三个类型。通过分析可知,《释名》时期汉语事物名称以单音词为主,双音节词语也得到了较大的发展。《释名》中的异名同实词语产生的原因主要有:因认知角度不同而异名、因时代变迁而异名、因地域不同而异名、因雅俗差异而异名、因音转而异名和因双音化而异名六种。通过研究《释名》中的异名同实词语,我们可以发现,上古时期的汉语词汇中,就存在着相当多的异名同实词语。这些异名同实词语在类型上和成因上都不尽相同。从某种意义上来讲,异名同实现象是违背了语言的经济性原则的,但是异名同实词语的存在,不仅丰富了汉语词汇的内容,增强了汉语的表达效果,满足了人们的表达要求,还蕴含了极其丰富的文化内涵。通过对这些词语的研究,我们不仅可以了解当时汉语词汇的一些特征,而且可以窥视当时的社会面貌和人们命名的思维方式等。
[Abstract]:"explanation of name" is the first important work of etymology in the history of Chinese linguistics. It mainly adopts the method of "admonition" to clarify the meaning of the name of things, and at the same time, to explore the "meaning of so", that is, the reason why things get their names, at the beginning of the naming of things. It plays an important role in the history of Chinese language. At present, the academic research on "explanation of names" is deepening day by day, and its academic value has been recognized and excavated by more and more scholars. The phenomenon of synonym and reality is a very prominent linguistic phenomenon in the words and expressions. By studying the synonyms and synonyms in this book, analyzing their present forms, combing their types and exploring their main causes, we can not only show the basic features and characteristics of synonyms and synonyms in ancient Chinese. Moreover, the linguistic and sociological significance of the existence of synonyms and synonyms can be excavated. According to the different exegetical terms used in the presentation of synonyms and synonyms, they can be divided into three types: one is the unrestrained presentation. There are mainly "or" type, "also called" type, "or called" type, "also said" type. Second, there are limited forms of presentation, mainly "脳脳" type, "脳脳 (area, time, classic book) is called" type, "脳脳 (area, time) means A is B" type, "脳脳 (area) means A day B" type. Third, other forms of presentation, such as "today." The synonyms of synonyms can be divided into two categories. According to the quantitative classification of synonyms of the same thing, the synonymy words in the book can be classified into five types: "two names, one reality", "three names, one reality", "four names, one reality, five names and one reality" and "six names, one reality". The type of "two names and one reality" is the main type of synonyms and synonyms. According to the syllable classification of the same thing, the synonymy words in the book can be divided into three types: monosyllabic synonym and real words, double syllable synonyms and mixed syllable synonyms. Through the analysis, we can know that in the period of "explanation of name", the names of things in Chinese are mainly monosyllabic words, and the disyllabic words have also been greatly developed. The main reasons for the synonymy and synonym in the "explanation of names" are: the different cognitive angles, the reasons for the synonyms and synonyms are different from different cognitive angles. Because of the changes of the times, because of different regions and different names, because of the elegant and vulgar differences and synonyms, because of the sound and duality and synonym six. By studying the synonyms and synonyms in "explanation of names", we can find that there are quite a number of synonyms and synonyms in Chinese words in ancient times. These synonyms are different in type and origin. In a sense, the phenomenon of synonym and reality is contrary to the economic principle of language, but the existence of synonymous words not only enriches the contents of Chinese vocabulary, enhances the effect of Chinese expression, but also meets the requirements of people. Also contains extremely rich cultural connotation. Through the study of these words, we can not only understand some characteristics of Chinese words at that time, but also peek at the social outlook and the way of thinking named by people at that time.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H131.3

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