能愿动词在汉语无标记被动句中的句法语义分析

发布时间：2018-05-27 20:13

本文选题：无标记被动句 + 能愿动词　；参考：《南京理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：对汉语被动句的考察显示,能愿动词在无标记被动句中具有特殊的表现。基于此,本研究从语义和句法两方面考察无标记被动句对能愿动词的限制和要求,并推导含有能愿动词的无标记被动句的生成过程,深入考察能愿动词在无标记被动句中的词性及功能,以期为对外汉语教学提供一定的指导。本研究借助于语料库考察了无标记被动句的构成,发现进入无标记被动句的NP受事需满足[有定的]、[无生的]的语义特征,NP施事一般不出现,VP结构须为[致果的]。这为后续的研究奠定了理论基础。结合语料库研究、与被字句的对比研究,本研究首先探讨了无标记被动句对能愿动词的语义限制,发现无标记被动句中NP受事[无生的]的语义特征和NP施事的隐现限制了主观性能愿动词的参与。只有与无标记被动句的语义要求相符合的客观性能愿动词才能进入。基于此,本研究进一步分析了无标记被动句对能愿动词的句法要求,发现部分无标记被动句对能愿动词没有强制性的句法要求,而部分无标记被动句则要求能愿动词必须出现在句子中来帮助完句。因而,这两类句子分别被归为能愿动词独立型和能愿动词依赖型无标记被动句。在转换生成语法理论的框架下,本研究借助于James Huang等学者对被字句的推导方式,深入考察了两类含有能愿动词的无标记被动句的生成过程,以揭示能愿动词在不同的无标记被动句中的词性和功能。研究发现,在能愿动词独立型无标记被动句中,能愿动词具有词汇动词词性,侧重于其语义表达功能;在能愿动词依赖型无标记被动句中,能愿动词具有轻动词词性,侧重于句法功能,帮助完句。
[Abstract]:The investigation of Chinese passive sentence shows that the verb can have a special expression in unmarked passive sentence. Based on this, the present study examines the limitations and requirements of unmarked passive verbs from semantic and syntactic aspects, and deduces the process of generating unmarked passive sentences containing votive verbs. In order to provide some guidance for teaching Chinese as a foreign language, the part of speech and function of Nengwish verbs in unmarked passive sentences are investigated. In this study, the composition of unmarked passive sentences was investigated by means of a corpus. It was found that NP patients entering unmarked passive sentences should satisfy [definite], and the semantic features of [unborn] NP generally do not appear. This laid a theoretical foundation for further research. Based on the corpus study and the comparative study of the subject sentence, this study first explores the semantic limitations of the unmarked passive sentence on the votive verb. It is found that the semantic characteristics of NP acceptor in unmarked passive sentences and the invisibility of NP agents limit the participation of subjective willing verbs. Only the objectivity that is consistent with the semantic requirements of unmarked passive sentences can be entered by willing verbs. Based on this, the present study further analyzes the syntactic requirements of unmarked passive verbs for votive verbs, and finds that some unmarked passive sentences have no mandatory syntactic requirements for votive verbs. Some unmarked passive sentences require that the verb must appear in the sentence to help complete the sentence. Therefore, these two types of sentences are classified as independent and dependent unmarked passive sentences, respectively. In the framework of the theory of transformational generative grammar, the present study, with the help of James Huang and other scholars' derivation methods, investigates the generation process of two kinds of unmarked passive sentences with willing verbs. In order to reveal the verb can wish in different unmarked passive sentences, the part of speech and function. It is found that in the independent passive sentences, the vowel verbs have the lexical verb's part of speech, focusing on its semantic expression function, while in the willing verb's dependent unmarked passive sentence, the can wish verb has the feature of light verb's part of speech. Focus on syntactic functions to help complete sentences.
【学位授予单位】：南京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.3

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