哈萨克语形态构词研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 08:47

  本文选题：哈萨克语 + 构词　； 参考：《中央民族大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：形态构词是黏着语言的构成新词的主要途径之一。对哈萨克语而言,形态构词也是主要的构词手段。一般,形态构词有两种构成单位,即词干(或词根)和构词词缀。因此,研究无论从理论还是实际都具有一定的学术价值。本文以对哈萨克语构词缀穷尽进行全面描写和分析为主,建立哈萨克语构词词缀的备选系统,最后论述近期哈萨克语构词词缀使用情况并提出几个问题。迄今为止,构词在国外尤其是哈萨克斯坦,尽管研究不够系统或不全面,但已经成为独立研究对象并已初步打下其理论和方法论基础。而在国内,构词还在形态里涉及一些各词类构成问题,尚未成独立研究对象。由此本项研究从构词角度,对构词词缀以及相关理论问题并其成员进一步进行了梳理和分析。本文除了绪论、总结以外,共有分五章内容。绪论部分主要介绍选题目的和意义,采取研究方法、概括哈萨克语构词词缀的研究动态并指出本文参考的主要古突厥语研究成果、缩略文献名、符号等。总结基于本文分析和描写最终归纳出9项结论。第一章是哈萨克语构词法,主要论述哈萨克语构词途径并其过程中分析指出传统语法的区别构词词缀和构形词尾的标准所存在问题进而鉴于前人研究确定其标准,即普适性。同时,对传统语法关于附加成分缀接顺问题表示质疑并通过实例来证实其现象提出自己的看法。而本章最后一节,据前人研究结果并本文搜集到的语言实例,确定要描写和分析的构词词缀成员。第二章、第三章是构成静词和动词的构词缀,分别对70个由静词构成静词的构词缀、56个由动词构成静词的构词词缀、26个由静词构成动词的构词词缀、15个由动词构成动词的构词词缀从使用范围和表义功能等两个方面进行分析和描写并间接指出在古突厥语文献语言中与哈萨克语构词词缀相应的附加成分的原始形式和表意特点。另外,探讨过程中,根据《突厥语大词典》、《An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish(13世纪突厥语言的词源词典)》、《哈萨克语简明词源词典》、《五百五条词(辞源)》等研究成果,对个别词的词源或构成特点做分析。第四章是哈萨克语构词词缀的语义关系和叠用,主要论述两大内容,一是鉴于以上章节分析从而简单地归纳出哈萨克语构词词缀的语义关系,即同义词缀、反义词缀、多义词缀、单义词缀等种类;二是介绍哈萨克语构词词缀的四种叠用模式,即单层模式、双层模式、三层模式、四层模式并指出态词尾和动名词尾在构词词缀之间叠用情况进而进一步证实对附加成分缀接顺序的看法。第五章是论述哈萨克语构词词缀的使用,这章首先对几本词典录入的由形态构词法构成的术语和新词为语料事实的结构和意义方面作分析进而归纳出其使用情况,即展示出近期使用频率较高的构词词缀以及解释其中对个别构词词缀的表义功能和缀接或变化特点并提出几个涉及形态构词方面的问题。最后鉴于前几章描写和分析结果,首先从表意功能角度将哈萨克语构词词缀先分为19种意义类别并力图指出其中近义关系的附加成分之间的区别。初步建立的这种哈萨克语构词词缀备选系统,不但为研究或学习哈萨克语的人提供一定的参考价值,而且解决和术语有关问题有所帮助。
[Abstract]:Morphological word formation is one of the main ways to form new words with language. For Kazakh, morphologic word formation is also the main means of word formation. Generally, morphological word formation has two components, namely, stem (or root) and word building affixes. Therefore, the study has a certain academic value both in theory and in practice. In the end, the word formation of the word configuration affixes of Kazakh is established. Finally, the use of the word formation affixes in the Kazakh language is discussed and several questions are put forward. So far, the word formation has been made abroad, especially in Kazakhstan, although the research is not enough or incomplete, but it has become an independent research object. It has preliminarily laid the foundation of its theoretical and methodological basis. In China, the formation of word formation involves a number of parts of speech, which has not yet become an independent research object. From this, this study further combed and analyzed the problem of word formation and related theoretical problems and its members from the point of view of word formation. In the five chapter, the introduction mainly introduces the purpose and significance of the topic, adopts the research method, summarizes the research trends of the word formation affixes in Kazakh and points out the main achievements of the ancient Turkic language research, the abbreviated literature name, the symbol and so on. It summarizes 9 conclusions based on the analysis and description of this article. The first chapter is the Kazak language method, This paper mainly discusses the way of word formation in Kazakh and analyzes the problems in the standard of distinguishing word formation affixes and conformal phrases in traditional grammar. In view of previous studies, the standard is determined, that is, universality. At the same time, the problem of the traditional grammar about the Affix Affix is questioned and the phenomenon is confirmed by an example. The last section of this chapter, according to the results of previous studies and the language examples collected in this article, determines the members of the word formation affixes to be described and analyzed. The second chapter, the third chapter is the structure affixes of the static words and the verbs, 70 affixes composed of static words, 56 word building affixes consisting of verbs, and the 26 of the static words. The word formation affixes of a verb are analyzed and described in two aspects, such as the scope of use and the function of the semantic function of the 15 verb forming verbs, and the original forms and ideographic features of the additional components corresponding to the affixes of the Kazakh language in the ancient Turkic literature language. In addition, the process of discussion is based on the Turkic language. Dictionaries > "Kazak concise Etymology Dictionary >", "five hundred and fifty words (words of words) >" and other research results, analyze the etymology and composition of individual words. The fourth chapter is the semantic relation and superposition of the Kazakh word building affixes, the main theory The two main contents, one is that in view of the above chapter, the semantic relation of the word building affixes of Kazakh is simply summed up, that is, synonymous affixes, antisense affixes, polysemous affixes, and single word affixes, and the two is the four overlapping modes of the word building affixes of Kazakh, namely, single layer, double, three, four layer and point out. The fifth chapter is to discuss the use of the word formation affixes in Kazakh. This chapter first analyzes the structure and meaning of the linguistic facts which are made by the form word formation of several dictionaries. It shows the use of word building affixes with high frequency in the near future, and explains some of the semantic functions and features of individual word formation affixes, and puts forward several problems involving morphological words. Finally, in view of the results of the previous chapters and analysis, the word formation affixes of the Kazakh language are first made from the perspective of ideographic function. First, it is divided into 19 categories of meaning categories and the difference between the additional components of the near sense. The preliminary establishment of this Kazak word formation affix system is not only for the study or study of the Kazakh language, but also to solve the problems related to the terminology.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H236
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本文编号：1946064