《现代汉语词典》（第6版）双音节反义词条词类标注研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 13:03

本文选题：《现代汉语词典》(第6版) + 对称性词条　；参考：《四川外国语大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：范畴化是语言学的核心问题,词类等语言范畴化的研究更是国际国内讨论的热点和难点问题,至今仍是语言学界久攻不破的“哥德巴赫式猜想”式难题。在2014年“德国语言学会第36届年会”上,该研究甚至被认为是语言中的“上帝粒子”研究。现代汉语的词类范畴化研究也一直被学界认为是个老大难问题。因这个问题始终未得到妥善处理,已经直接或间接地对现代汉语词典和现代汉语语料库的词类标注产生了消极影响。双层词类范畴化理论是王仁强教授近年来针对现代汉语、现代英语等分析语中的概括词的多功能现象所提出的新的研究视角,该理论在复杂适应系统语言观和跨语言词类本质观基础上,明确了词类范畴化在社群语言系统层面和言语句法层面之间的区别和联系,并指出词类的规约化可通过个例频率、类型频率、时间跨度、语域分布四个维度进行判断。这一理论视角有助于解决现代汉语词典及汉外词典的词类标注所存在的问题。本文通过调查《现代汉语词典》(第6版)双音节反义词条的词类标注情况,梳理明显违背对称性原则的实例。在我们考察的1919个词条中,有532个词条所对应的反义词的词类标注是不对称的,所占比例是27.72%,在532个不对称的词条中,我们进一步筛选出424条高频词条,并从中筛选出30组反义词。以双层词类范畴化理论为指导,对这30组反义词基于语料库的使用模式进行考察。研究发现:《现代汉语词典》(第6版)在词类标注方面受“简略原则”的影响,存在减少兼类词数量的现象。这反映出对社群语言层面词库中概括词的文化传承性重视不够,从而导致部分具有对称语义关系的多功能词条在词类标注中出现不对称的问题。本文希望能以这一视角引起更多学者的重视,以期深入探讨现代汉语的词类问题,提高现代汉语词典编纂质量,从而更好地服务汉语国际推广战略。
[Abstract]:Categorization is the core issue of linguistics, and the study of categorization of speech and other languages is a hot and difficult issue in the international and domestic discussions. It is still a difficult problem of "Goldbach's conjecture" which has not been broken through for a long time in the field of linguistics. At the 36th Annual meeting of the German language Society in 2014, the study was even considered the "God particle" study in language. Part of speech categorization of modern Chinese has always been regarded as an old and difficult problem. As this problem has not been properly dealt with, it has directly or indirectly affected the tagging of parts of speech in modern Chinese dictionaries and modern Chinese corpora. The theory of double level categorization of parts of speech is a new research perspective that Professor Wang Renqiang has put forward in recent years in view of the multifunctional phenomena of generalwords in modern Chinese and modern English. Based on the view of language of complex adaptive system and the essential view of cross-language parts of speech, this theory clarifies the difference and relation between the categorization of parts of speech at the level of community language system and the level of speech syntax, and points out that the regularization of parts of speech can be made by the frequency of individual examples. Type frequency, time span and register distribution are four dimensions to judge. This theoretical perspective is helpful to solve the problem of part of speech tagging in modern Chinese dictionaries and Chinese-foreign dictionaries. By investigating the tagging of parts of speech of dictionaries of Modern Chinese (6th Edition), this paper combs out examples of obvious violation of symmetry principle. Of the 1919 entries we examined, the part of speech tagging of the antonyms corresponding to the 532 entries was asymmetrical, accounting for 27.72%, and out of 532 asymmetric entries, we further screened out 424 high-frequency entries. Thirty sets of antonyms were selected. Under the guidance of the theory of double-level categorization of parts of speech, the 30 groups of antonyms are investigated on the basis of corpus-based usage patterns. It is found that the Modern Chinese Dictionary (6th edition) is influenced by the "abridged principle" in the tagging of parts of speech, and there is a phenomenon of reducing the number of concurrent words. This reflects that insufficient attention is paid to the cultural inheritance of the general words in the lexicon of the community language level, which leads to the asymmetry of some multifunctional entries with symmetric semantic relations in the tagging of parts of speech. This paper hopes to attract more scholars' attention from this perspective in order to probe into the problem of part of speech in modern Chinese, improve the quality of compiling modern Chinese dictionaries, and serve the international promotion strategy of Chinese better.
【学位授予单位】：四川外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H164

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