现代汉语动语素项构词研究

发布时间：2018-06-01 22:17

  本文选题：目标动语素项 + 非目标语素项　； 参考：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在汉语构词研究中,通常将语素视为一个整体单位。不过,若语素为多义语素,这种宏观研究就难以揭示不同义项下的语素的构词差异。基于此,本文将语素构词研究细化到语素项层面。本文以筛选确定的17个动语素项为研究对象,从语法组合、语义组合和词义生成模式三大方面研究这些动语素项的构词特征、构词能力、组合特点和生成模式,研究结论丰富了现代汉语构词理论,也为汉语信息处理尤其是词处理提供了基础。首先,筛选和确定研究对象并进行语法及语义信息标注。本文以《现代汉语频率词典》附录表八“汉字构词能力分析”和《现代汉语词典》为底本,确定17个动语素项为研究对象,其构成的547个复合词为研究语料。此外,调整非目标语素项的素义,并对部分非目标语素项的语法类别进行标注。同时,结合语义并根据相关原则,将复合词归入到相应的目标动语素项的构词范围内。其次,考察目标动语素项与非目标语素项的语法组合情况。目标动语素项(v)可以与名(n)、动(v')、形(a)、副(f)、代(d)这5种语法类别的非目标语素项组合,共形成8种语法构词模式:v+n、n+v、v+v'、v'+v、v+a、a+v、d+v、f+v。通过对各构词模式的考察,一方面,得到了目标动语素项与非目标语素项构词的强势组合模式,即动动组合(v+v'和v'+v);若考虑构词位置,结论如下:(1)v居左时,“v+n”为强势组合模式;(2)v居右时,“v'+v”为强势组合模式。另一方面阐明了语素项的语法类别与复合词词类之间的关系。当同一语法类别的语素项组合,所构复合词的词性与语素项词性一致;当不同语法类别的语素项组合时,多数复合词的词性与构词的某一语素项的词性保持一致。基于此,本文进一步从复合词的语法结构关系和语素项的语法构词模式两个角度进行双向分析,得到了各语素项组合模式所涉及的复合词结构以及不同的复合词结构对语素项语法构词模式的选择情况。再次,考察目标动语素项与非目标语素项的语义组合情况。动语素项与名、动、形非目标语素项的语义组合为主要考察对象。基于前贤的研究成果,对本研究中涉及到的所有动、名、形语素项进行了语义分类。其中目标动语素项,涉及[动作]类、[活动]类、[状态]类和[生理现象]四大类。在此基础上进一步考察了这各类目标动语素项对名、动、形非目标语素项的语义选择机制,得到57种语义组合模式。同时,从质和量的角度分析了某义类下的各目标动语素项与以上三类非目标语素项的组合差异。研究发现,与v'组合时,v与同一语义类的v'优先组合;与n组合时,[动作]类v与[非生物]类n优先组合,[活动]类v与[信息]类n优先组合,[状态]类v与[属性]类n优先组合,[生理现象]类v与[生物]类n优先组合;与a组合时,v优先与[物性值]类a组合。最后,考察目标动语素项构词的语义生成模式。借鉴词义球结构理论,分析了四种义类下的目标动语素项所形成的复合词的词义结构,尤其是分析了这些复合词词义要素(对象义、属性义和特征值义)和义层(指示义层和蕴涵义层)。最终归纳出目标动语素项两种语义生成模式:(1)目标动语素项所表示的义类为对象义,处于显性独立地位,是唯一的,属性义和特征值义是多元的;(2)非目标语素项所表示的义类为对象义,处于显性独立地位,目标动语素项所表示的义类则为特征值义,显性依附。本文属于基于标注语料库的定量研究。由于时间、能力以及研究对象数量等方面的限制,研究还比较粗浅。这一领域还有很多选题,特别是动语素项义类与构词能力之间的关系、动语素项义类对词义生成模式的制约都有待深化。
[Abstract]:In the study of Chinese word formation, the morpheme is usually regarded as a whole unit. However, if the morpheme is polysemous, this macro study is difficult to reveal the difference of word formation in the morphemes of different items. Based on this, this paper refines the morpheme word formation study to the morpheme level. In this paper, 17 selected morphemes are selected as the research object, from the grammar. In the three aspects of combination, semantic combination and word meaning generation model, this paper studies the word formation features, word formation ability, combination characteristics and generation patterns of these morpheme items. The research conclusions enrich the modern Chinese word formation theory, and also provide the basis for Chinese information processing, especially word processing. First, select and determine the research object and carry on the grammatical and semantic letter. In this paper, in this paper, eight "Chinese characters word formation ability analysis" and "modern Chinese Dictionary" are used as the base of "modern Chinese Frequency Dictionary", and 17 verb morphemes are selected as the research object, and the 547 compound words are the research corpus. In addition, the meaning of the non target morphemes is adjusted and the grammatical categories of some non target morphemes are subject to the standard. At the same time, combining the semantics and according to the relevant principles, the compound words are classified into the corresponding range of the corresponding target verb morphemes. Secondly, the grammatical combination of the target verb morpheme item and the non target morpheme item is examined. The target verb morpheme term (V) can be combined with the non objective morphemes of the 5 grammatical categories, named (n), dynamic (V'), form (f), and D (d). A total of 8 grammatical word formation patterns are formed: v+n, n+v, v+v', v'+v, v+a, a+v, d+v, and f+v. through the investigation of each word formation pattern. On the one hand, the strong combination mode of the target verb morpheme term and the non target morpheme term is obtained, that is, the dynamic combination (v+v' and v'+v). If the position of the word is considered, the conclusion is as follows: (1) v+n is a strong combination pattern; (2) On the right, "v'+v" is a strong combination mode. On the other hand, it clarifies the relationship between the grammatical category of morpheme item and the compound word class. When the morpheme item of the same grammatical category is combined, the word character of the compound is consistent with the morpheme term; when the morpheme items of different grammatical categories are combined, the word character of most compound words and the word formation of the word Based on this, this paper further analyzes the grammatical structure of the compound words and the grammatical word formation pattern of morpheme items in two directions, and obtains the composition of the compound words involved in the combination of morpheme terms and the choice of the morpheme term grammatical word formation pattern by different compound words. The semantic combination of the target verb morpheme item and the non objective morpheme term. The semantic combination of the verb morpheme item and the name, the verb and the nonobjective morpheme is the main object. Based on the previous achievements, the semantic classification of all the verb, name and morpheme items involved in this study is carried out. On the basis of the four categories of [state] and [physiological phenomena], we further examine the semantic selection mechanism of the morpheme items of these targets to the name, dynamic and nonobjective morphemes, and get 57 semantic combination patterns. At the same time, the combination of the target morphemes and the above three kinds of non objective morphemes under the sense of quality and quantity is analyzed. Differences. The study found that, when combined with V', V is a V' priority combination with the same semantic class; when combined with N, [action] class V and [abiotic] n priority combinations, [active] V and [information] n priority combinations, [state] class V and [attribute] n priority combinations, [physiological phenomena] V and [biological] class n as precedence combinations; Finally, the semantic generation pattern of the target verb morpheme word formation is examined. By using the meaning ball structure theory, the meaning structure of the compound words formed by the target verb morphemes under the four kinds of semantic categories is analyzed, especially the analysis of these compound word meaning elements (object meaning, attribute meaning and special value meaning) and the meaning layer (indicating meaning layer and implication meaning layer). Two kinds of semantic generation patterns of target verb morphemes are summed up: (1) the meaning class expressed by the target verb morpheme item is the object meaning, in the dominant independent position, it is unique, the attribute meaning and the characteristic value sense are multiple; (2) the meaning class expressed by the non objective morpheme term is the object meaning, and it is in the dominant independent status, and the meaning class expressed by the target verb morpheme term is the same. This paper is based on the quantitative study of tagged corpus. The research is still relatively shallow because of the limitation of time, ability and the number of research objects. There are many topics in this field, especially the relationship between the semantic category of the morpheme and the ability of word formation, and the restriction of the semantic category of the morpheme on the pattern of word meaning generation. It needs to be deepened.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.1
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本文编号：1965897