汉语语法从殷商到西周的发展

发布时间：2018-06-18 08:29

本文选题：上古汉语语法史 + 西周汉语语法　；参考：《陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2017年01期

【摘要】：在汉语发展史上,西周时期是承上启下的重要时期。西周汉语几乎继承了殷商汉语的所有重要的语法现象,同时又开启或廓大了汉语许多重要语法现象。词类方面,产生了状态形容词、双音节性质形容词、疑问代词、情态方式副词。并列连词有所增加,又产生了递进连词、顺承连词、原因连词、结果连词、转折连词、假设连词、让步连词等等。构词法方面,产生了词尾"若、如、然、焉、斯、其"等,汉语从此有了附加式造词法;产生了语音造词法,汉语从此有了叠音词、双声联绵词、叠韵联绵词、非双声叠韵联绵词等等;产生了动词性联合型复合词。以上三方面,标志着汉语双音节化趋势的形成。句法方面,产生了结构助词,汉语从此有了一批重要的句法结构,如"主+之+谓""定+之+中""V者""所V"等。产生了"数+量+名"结构,尤其是出现个体量词的"数+量+名"结构。产生了处置式和动结式,使动式进一步丰富。及物动词、数词、方位词等都有了使动用法。同时还产生了使动三宾语句以及一批复杂动宾式。
[Abstract]:In the history of Chinese development, the Western Zhou Dynasty is an important period. Western Zhou Chinese inherited almost all the important grammatical phenomena of Yin and Shang Chinese, and at the same time opened or expanded many important grammatical phenomena of Chinese. In part of speech, state adjectives, dicyllabic adjectives, interrogative pronouns and modal adverbs are produced. Juxtaposition conjunctions have increased, and produced progressive conjunctions, causal conjunctions, resultant conjunctions, turning conjunctions, hypothetical conjunctions, concessional conjunctions and so on. In terms of word-formation, "if, for example, if, yes, Yan, so," and so on, there has been additional word-making in Chinese since then; the phonetic word-making method has since been produced, and since then there have been duplicative words in Chinese, words in double vocals combined with repeated words, and words in rhyme and rhyme in repetition. Non-double-tone rhyme combination words and so on; has produced the verb union type compound word. The above three aspects mark the formation of Chinese dicyllabic trend. In syntactic aspect, there are some important syntactic structures in Chinese, such as "subject said", "fixed" V "," V "so V" and so on. A number name structure is produced, especially the number name structure in which individual quantifiers appear. The disposal type and the dynamic resultant type are produced, which further enrich the dynamic type. Transitive verbs, numerals, azimuth words and so on have made use of the method. At the same time, it also produces three-object sentences and a number of complex verb-object forms.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院语言研究所;
【分类号】：H141

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