湖南城步儒林话第三人称代词变异年龄分层研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 05:30

本文选题：第三人称代词 + 年龄分层　；参考：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着普通话的大力推广和经济文化的快速发展,普通话与方言的接触日益加强;同时出于对普通话的认同,方言在语音、词汇、句法等方面逐渐向普通话靠拢,其中词汇上的变化尤其明显,具体表现为方言中一些特色词汇逐渐向普通话形式靠拢。儒林话是城步苗族自治县各民族的通用汉语方言,属湘方言,该方言的人称代词有其特色,第三人称代词为“几”,其起源可追溯到古汉语词汇“其”、“之”或“渠”。复数第三人称代词则为“几哩”。然而,随着儒林话与普通话接触的进一步加强,该方言的第三人称代词使用发生了明显变异和变化。本研究以社会语言学语言接触与语言变异理论为指导,采用观察、录音访谈等方法,以城步本土33人作为调查对象,并运用GOLDVARB X和EXCEL(2007)软件,对语言接触背景下的儒林话第三人称代词变异的年龄分层情况进行考察。调查发现,儒林话第三人称代词出现了新的变异形式(“他”、“他哩”和“他们”),是一种进行中的变化。从分布来看,第三人称代词单数新形式“他”和旧形式“几”使用总数量大体均等,但复数新形式“他哩”已经比“几哩”更有分布优势。新形式“他”随年龄的减小而呈卧s形(缓慢增长-激增-趋于平稳)增加,旧形式反之。第三人称代词使用在年龄上存在明显年龄分层,以30岁为分水岭,30岁以下人群更倾向使用新形式,但旧形式在30岁以上人群中仍占使用优势。该第三人称代词变异与说话人和该第三人称代词所指对象的亲密程度高度相关,人们倾向于用“几”称呼与自身关系密切的事物以表示亲近,如家人和朋友等;而对不熟悉的人和抽象概念等则更多使用“他”称呼以表示客观和疏远。此外,变异形式的使用与性别也呈一定相关性,女性使用新形式“他”的概率略高于男性。与普通话的接触是造成第三人称代词变异的主要原因,青年人则是推动该变异和变化的主力军。方言词汇中不仅保存着古汉语成分和面貌,也是地方风俗文化的体现。语言是文化的载体,了解和记录方言的变异与变化有助于加深人们对自身方言的了解和认同,同时也对保护中国语言文化多样性具有重要的作用。
[Abstract]:With the vigorous promotion of Putonghua and the rapid development of economy and culture, the contact between Putonghua and dialects has been strengthened day by day. At the same time, due to the recognition of Putonghua, dialects have gradually moved closer to Putonghua in the aspects of pronunciation, vocabulary, syntax, etc. Among them, the change of vocabulary is especially obvious, which shows that some special words in dialects are gradually moving closer to Putonghua. Julin dialect is a common Chinese dialect of all nationalities in Chengbu Miao Autonomous County, which belongs to Xiang dialect. The personal pronoun of this dialect has its own characteristics. The third person pronoun is "several", and its origin can be traced back to the ancient Chinese words "Qi", "Zhi" or "qu". The plural third person pronoun is a few miles. However, with the further strengthening of the contact between Julin dialect and Putonghua, the use of the third person pronoun in this dialect has changed obviously. Under the guidance of sociolinguistic language contact and language variation theory, using observation and recording interviews, 33 native Chengbu people were investigated, and GOLDVARB X and excel (2007) software were used. This paper investigates the age stratification of the third person pronoun variation in the context of language contact. The investigation found that the third person pronouns in Julin dialect appeared new forms of variation ("he", "he" and "them"), which was an ongoing change. From the distribution point of view, the new singular form "he" and the old "several" of the third person pronoun are roughly equal in number, but the new form of "he mi" in the plural has more distributional advantages than "a few miles". The new form of "he" increases with the decrease of age. There are obvious age stratification in the use of the third person pronoun. The people under 30 are more inclined to use the new form, but the old form is still dominant in the population over 30 years of age. The variation of the third person pronoun is highly related to the intimate degree of the speaker and the object referred to in the third person pronoun, and people tend to use "several" names to express their closeness, such as family and friends. For unfamiliar people and abstract concepts, the term "he" is more often used to indicate objectivity and alienation. In addition, the use of variant forms is also correlated with gender, and women are slightly more likely to use the new form of "he" than men. The contact with Putonghua is the main reason for the variation of the third person pronoun, and the youth is the main force to promote the variation and change. Dialect vocabulary not only preserves ancient Chinese elements and features, but also reflects local customs and culture. Language is the carrier of culture. Understanding and recording the variation and change of dialects is helpful to deepen people's understanding and recognition of their own dialects, and it also plays an important role in protecting the diversity of Chinese languages and cultures.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H174

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