基于轻动词理论的英汉使役结构对比研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 21:45

本文选题：使役结构 + 轻动词理论　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：“使役”是人类语言中的一个重要范畴,因其语义关系和句法表现的复杂性而一直成为语言研究的中心论题之一。使役结构,又称“役使结构”,主要表达某人或某物的行为导致另外一人或事物状态或位置的变化。国内外研究者们分别从认知、语义、句法等不同的角度对使役结构进行了研究,但对英汉语使役结构的生成过程及异同的比较涉及较少。轻动词理论,是生成句法理论的一个重要组成部分,因其最优化表征动词词组深层次的内部结构,被广泛用来解释各种语言句式的生成过程。从表现形式上,轻动词既可以以自由语素形式出现,也可以以词缀或零语音形式的黏着语素形式出现。如果轻动词属于后者,则会呈现出强语素特征,吸引下层动词短语中的动词移位并与之合并。据此,根据不同的表现形式,本文将英汉使役结构分为三类:句法分析型使役结构、词汇综合型使役结构和复合型使役结构。研究发现,尽管英汉使役结构的表层形式复杂多变,但它们的底层结构是相对一致的。句法分析型使役结构表现为MS+V1+ES+EV,其中V1是以自由语素形式出现的使役轻动词(比如:英语中的“make,have,let”,汉语中的“使、令、让”);词汇综合型使役结构表现为MS+V+ES,轻动词以词缀或零语音的黏着语素形式存在,能吸引下层动词短语中的动词上移与之合并,构成使役动词;复合型使役结构表现为MS+MV+ES+EV或MS+MV+EV+ES,与前两种结构相比,该类结构因出现了使事的具体动作MV而更为复杂。除了共同的底层结构外,英汉使役结构存在着很大的不同:英语显性形态丰富,词汇化程度高,倾向于使用单语素词汇来表达使役关系,即词汇综合型使役结构,而汉语与之相反,更倾向于使用复合结构或分析型的表达方式来体现使役关系。在生成句法的框架内,本文运用轻动词理论对英汉语使役结构进行全面的分类,通过系统的对比分析,发现该类结构多样的表现形式和复杂的生成过程。探索英汉语中使役结构的共性和个性,这将为以后英汉语相关结构的研究提供新思路。
[Abstract]:"causation" is an important category in human language. Because of the complexity of its semantic relationship and syntactic expression, it has always been one of the central topics in language research. Causative structure, also known as "easement structure", mainly expresses that the behavior of someone or something results in the change of the state or position of another person or thing. Researchers at home and abroad have studied causative structures from different perspectives such as cognition, semantics and syntax. However, there are few studies on the formation process, similarities and differences of causative structures in English and Chinese. Light verb theory is an important part of generative syntax theory. It is widely used to explain the generation process of various language sentence patterns because of its optimized representation of the deep internal structure of verb phrases. In terms of expression, light verbs can appear in the form of free morpheme, affix or zero phonetic form of cohesive morpheme. If the light verb belongs to the latter, it will show a strong morpheme and attract the verb in the lower verb phrase to shift and merge with it. Accordingly, according to different forms of expression, this paper classifies English and Chinese causative structures into three categories: syntactic analytical causative structures, lexical comprehensive causative structures and compound causative structures. It is found that although the surface forms of English and Chinese causative structures are complex and changeable, their underlying structures are relatively consistent. The syntactic analytic causative structure is MS V1 es EV, where V1 is a light verb in the form of a free morpheme (E. g., "make a verb" in English, "make a verb" in Chinese). The lexical comprehensive causative structure is MS V ES.The light verb exists in the form of affix or zero phonetic cohesive morpheme, which can attract the verb in the lower verb phrase to move up and merge with it to form the causative verb. The composite causative structure is composed of MS MV es EV or MS MV EV ESS. Compared with the former two kinds of structures, this kind of structure is more complex because of the emergence of specific action MV. In addition to the common underlying structure, there are great differences between English and Chinese causative structures: the dominant forms of English are abundant and the lexicalization degree is high, and they tend to use monolingual words to express causative relations, that is, lexical comprehensive causative structures. On the contrary, Chinese tends to use compound structure or analytical expression to reflect causative relationship. Within the framework of generative syntax, this paper classifies causative structures in English and Chinese comprehensively by using the theory of light verbs. Through systematic comparative analysis, it is found that this kind of structure has various forms of expression and complex generating process. This paper explores the commonness and individuality of causative structure in English and Chinese, which will provide a new idea for the study of related structure in English and Chinese.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H146.3;H314.3

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