汉语并合造词法的特质及形成机制

发布时间：2018-07-04 21:45

本文选题：造词法 + 并合　；参考：《语文研究》2017年02期

【摘要】：汉语并合造词法指将两个音节共同承载的语义归于其中一个音节,为构造复合词提供语素或造出单音节词的造词方式,包括复合词并合、单纯词并合和词组并合三种类型。并合造词法的主要制约因素是词长:一方面,受复合词双音节词长的限制,需用并合法把原双音节词或词组的意义归于其中一个音节,然后再用这个并合语素与其他单音节语素组合,以使构造出来的新词仍然维持双音节格局;另一方面,受动词单音节词长优势的制约,多种结构类型的双音节词都有可能并合为单音节动词,口语中尤为常见。此外,汉字的类型特征使汉语无法采用"合义且合音"的方式控制新词的长度,只能走"合义舍音"之路,这也是汉语并合造词法形成的重要原因之一。
[Abstract]:The method of combining words in Chinese refers to the way of creating words which can provide morphemes or create monosyllabic words for the construction of compound words, including the combination of compound words, the combination of simple words and the combination of words and phrases, by attributing the semantics of two syllables to one syllable. The main constraint of the conjunctive word formation is word length: on the one hand, the meaning of the original dicyllabic word or phrase should be attributed to one of the syllables by the restriction of the disyllabic word length of the compound word. Then the combined morpheme is combined with other monosyllabic morphemes to maintain the dicyllabic pattern of the constructed new words; on the other hand, it is restricted by the long superiority of the verb monosyllabic words. Disyllabic words of various structural types can be combined into monosyllabic verbs, especially in spoken English. In addition, the type characteristics of Chinese characters make it impossible to control the length of new words by the way of "synonym and synonym", which is one of the important reasons for the formation of Chinese word formation method.
【作者单位】：北京语言大学对外汉语研究中心;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“基于汉语词汇特征的二语词汇教学实证研究”(项目编号:15JJD740006) 北京语言大学梧桐创新平台项目(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金)“汉语第二语言词汇教学的实证研究创新平台”(项目编号:17PT02)的经费支持
【分类号】：H146.1

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