汉语和马达加斯加语动词重叠式对比研究

发布时间：2018-08-03 11:11

【摘要】：本文在前人的研究基础上尝试以对比分析理论结合概念隐喻理论,对汉语和马达加斯加语动词重叠式的形式表现、语义功能和语用功能进行对比。虽然汉语和马达加斯加语属于不同的语言系统,前者属于孤立语,后者属于屈折语,但两者都具有用构形和构词重叠的形式来派生出新词。汉马语言的基本语序也体现差异,汉语为SVO,而马语为VOS语言,但是通过一些特殊词马语最普遍的VOS也能体现SVO语序。本文初步认定汉语和马达加斯加语动词重叠式的功能具有相同之处。此外,马达加斯加语动词重叠式通过附加在词缀前的形位以及词缀本身显示“时”和“态”的标记。其中,有些具备特殊功能的词缀可以对动词的可重叠性加以制约。汉语也有“体”标记,主要位于原式动词和重叠部分之间。其中汉语“体”可以用“V了V”符号标记,而马语语言则借用副词来实现,如“副+VV”。虽然动词重叠式在汉马语言中内部结构有所不同,但是其外部形式有些是一致的。我们认为汉语AA和AAB式和马语中的“VV”和“VV+N”可以相对应。汉马语言动词重叠式表达的意义体现大同小异,主要在祈使句中使语气显得礼貌一些。此外,动词重叠式还能表示短时、随意、轻蔑等意义。动词重叠式在马语中有时候也带有贬义,而这一类动词的原式为中性词,这也是马语动词重叠式所表达的意义的主要特点。我们认为由于汉语缺乏严格的形态标记,其词类和句法成分也不一一对应。只要语境允许,句子中的一些成分就可以省略,而这些特点使汉语动词重叠式能充当的句法成分更加自由。我们认为汉语动词重叠式可以充当谓语、状语、主语和定语,偶尔当补语,而马语动词重叠式只能做谓语、状语、主语和定语。
[Abstract]:On the basis of previous studies, this paper attempts to compare the formal representation, semantic function and pragmatic function of verb reduplication between Chinese and Malagasy based on Contrastive Analysis Theory and Conceptual metaphor Theory. Although Chinese and Malagasy belong to different language systems, the former belongs to isolated language and the latter belongs to flexion, but they both derive new words in the form of configuration and overlapping of words. The basic word order of Han and Ma languages is different, Chinese is SVO, and Ma is VOS, but SVO word order can also be reflected by VOS, which is the most common word in Ma language. This paper preliminarily concludes that the functions of verb reduplication in Chinese and Malagasy have the same function. In addition, the Malagasy verb reduplication shows "time" and "state" by affixes and affixes themselves. Among them, some affixes with special functions can restrict the reduplication of verbs. Chinese also has a "aspect" marker, mainly between the original verb and the reduplicative part. The Chinese "aspect" can be marked with "V", while the Malay language uses adverbs, such as "accessory VV". Although the internal structure of verb reduplication is different in Han and Ma languages, some of its external forms are consistent. We think that Chinese AA and AAB can correspond to "VV" and "VV N" in Ma language. The meaning of verb reduplication in Han and Ma language is similar, and the mood is more polite in imperative sentences. In addition, verb reduplication can also mean short, casual, contemptuous and other meanings. The verb reduplication sometimes has a derogatory meaning in Ma language, and the original form of this kind of verb is neutral, which is also the main feature of the meaning expressed by the verb reduplication in Malay language. We think that due to the lack of strict morphological markers in Chinese, the parts of speech and syntactic components do not correspond one by one. As long as context permits, some elements in the sentence can be omitted, and these characteristics make the Chinese verb reduplication can serve as the syntactic elements more freely. We think that Chinese verb reduplication can be used as predicate, adverbial, subject and attributive, occasionally as complement, while in Malay, verb reduplication can only serve as predicate, adverbial, subject and attributive.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H042

【参考文献】