甘南舟曲藏语东南方言区音位声学特征研究

发布时间：2018-08-06 19:28

【摘要】：舟曲藏语在藏族三大方言区(拉萨语,安多语,康巴语)内以"方言孤岛"著称,是一种特殊的语言样品,其独特的语音现象在藏语的研究领域里占有很重要地位,具有其他藏语土语无法代替的价值。因此,本文以舟曲藏语为研究对象,以实验语音学为方法,借助语音分析软件,对舟曲藏语的声母、韵母、声调进行实验语音学方面的研究,主要分图谱分析和数据分析两个部分。图谱分析直观的展现了舟曲话声韵母的声学特征。数据分析主要是提取了的参数包括时长、振幅最大值和最小值、振幅平均值、共振峰等。并将舟曲藏语同安多藏语中的夏河拉卜楞(农区)话、玛曲佐盖尼玛(牧区)话进行对比研究,从而揭示出舟曲藏语的特征。另外本文还对舟曲藏语的声调以及其声调产生的原因进行了探讨。对声调的分析主要是提取了单音节词和双音节词的基频均值,再归一化为Lz值,并做出带离散度的Lz曲线图,最后再转化为五度制音调进行分析。通过研究,本文主要得出以下结论:1、舟曲藏话中没有复辅音,34个辅音都是单辅音。舟曲藏话中后置辅音韵尾已很少出现。最有可能出现的也只是一个喉塞音韵尾[(?)]。另外舟曲藏语中的r颤音的幅度不大,实际近似于闪音[z]而藏语安多方言的复辅音较多。2、舟曲话中有8个元音,i、e、A、o、u、(?),还多出了两个圆唇元音y和ε。且舟曲话中的元音ε不单独出现,只与i和y结合成复元音时出现。舟曲藏话的双元音韵母增加,但只有二合复元音。鼻化韵母在舟曲藏话中也有出现。而藏语安多方言语音上有复杂的元音组合,且声母是分清浊的。3、通过对舟曲藏语的单音节、双音节词组的实验分析,总结出舟曲话有7个调值。部分词语的基本发音与安多语有相似的词语,舟曲方言中均不发后加字音和元音,或发音但异变和发音不明显,表现为不规则音。发音的轻重强弱音及清浊音不同,词缀发音。通过对双音节词的调值分析,发现绝大多数词语的自由变读是形成舟曲方言的主要原因。本文的研究对将可以让我们更好的对舟曲藏语的语音结构特征、对藏语的语音产生机理和语音发展有着更进一步的认识。同时也可以为舟曲藏语语音建立小型参数库,为今后研究舟曲藏语的人提供舟曲藏语的声学参数和语音样本,为舟曲藏语的语言研究奠定一定基础。
[Abstract]:Zhouqu Tibetan language is known as "dialect island" in the three major Tibetan dialect areas (Lhasa, Ando, Kangba). It is a special language sample, and its unique phonetic phenomenon occupies a very important position in the research field of Tibetan. Has other Tibetan native language cannot replace the value. Therefore, this paper takes Zhouqu Tibetan as the research object, takes the experimental phonetics as the method, with the aid of the phonetic analysis software, carries on the experimental phonetics research to the Zhouqu Tibetan initials, vowels and tones. It is mainly divided into two parts: map analysis and data analysis. The graph analysis shows the acoustic characteristics of Zhouqu phonetic vowel directly. The main parameters extracted by data analysis include time, maximum and minimum amplitude, mean amplitude, resonance peak and so on. In order to reveal the characteristics of Zhouqu Tibetan language, it makes a comparative study on the Tibetan language of Zhouqu and Ando Tibetan language, namely, Xiahe Lableng (rural area) and Maqu Zoganima (pastoral area), in order to reveal the characteristics of Zhouqu Tibetan. In addition, this paper also discusses the tone of Zhouqu Tibetan and the causes of its tone. The analysis of tone is mainly to extract the fundamental frequency mean of monosyllabic words and disyllabic words, then normalize them to LZ values, and then make LZ curves with dispersion, and then convert them to five-degree tones for analysis. Based on the research, this paper draws the following conclusions: 1, there is no complex consonant in Zhouqu Tibetan dialect, and 34 consonants are single consonants. In Zhouqu Tibetan dialect, there are few consonants at the end of the consonant. What is most likely to appear is only a rhyme end [(?)]. In addition, the range of r vibrato in Zhouqu Tibetan is not large, which is similar to that of flash [z], but there are more complex consonants in Ando dialect. There are 8 vowels in Zhouqu dialect, (?), and there are two more circular labial vowels y and 蔚. In Zhouqu dialect, the vowel 蔚 does not appear alone, but only when I and y are combined into polyvowels. The divowel vowel vowels of Zhouqu Zang dialect increased, but only the dihedral vowels. Nasal vowels also appear in Zhouqu Tibetan dialect. In Tibetan Ando dialect, there is a complex vowel combination, and the consonant is distinct and turbid. Through the experimental analysis of the monosyllabic and disyllabic phrases in Zhouqu Tibetan, it is concluded that Zhouqu has seven tones. The basic pronunciation of some words is similar to that of Ando dialect. In Zhouqu dialect, the words and vowels are not pronounced and vowels are added, or the pronunciations are different and not obvious, showing irregular sounds. The intensity and intensity of pronunciation is different from that of Qingyue, and affixes are pronounced. Based on the analysis of the tonality of dicyllabic words, it is found that the main reason for the formation of Zhouqu dialect is the freedom to pronounce most words. The research in this paper will give us a better understanding of the phonetic structure of Zhouqu Tibetan and the phonetic production mechanism and phonetic development of Tibetan. At the same time, it can also establish a small parameter library for the Tibetan pronunciation of Zhouqu, provide acoustic parameters and phonetic samples of Zhouqu Tibetan for the future study of Zhouqu Tibetan, and lay a certain foundation for the study of Zhouqu Tibetan language.
【学位授予单位】：西北民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H214

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