歇后语的结构与功能再探

发布时间：2018-08-11 08:28

【摘要】：歇后语是汉语中一种比较独特但又普遍存在的表达形式。以前的歇后语研究主要关注歇后语的分类、来源等问题,对歇后语的形成机制、使用特点和认知功能鲜有论述。本文采用语料库统计和问卷调查的方式,对歇后语的歇后情况、使用意图和使用效果进行了研究,同时还应用认知语言学理论中的隐喻和转喻理论解释了歇后语的形成机制和结构特征进行了解释。本文发现:(a)歇后语有熟悉程度之分,有熟语化歇后语和临时歇后语之分。越不熟悉的(或临时的)歇后语越不能省掉后面部分。歇后语最重要的部分其实是后半部分,除非已经高度熟语化,其真实含义往往不能通过推理得到理解;(b)歇后语中的"歇后"部分往往是所使用的转喻和隐喻的依据,或称喻底,而非有些学者所认为的目标域;(c)50%以上的被调查者认为歇后语用得多与"幽默"和"聪明"等品质联系在一起;歇后语的使用与一般的隐喻和转喻不同,其认知功能已经弱化,主要是其社会功能。
[Abstract]:Xiehouyu is a unique but universal expression in Chinese. Previous studies mainly focus on the classification and source of Xiehouyu, and rarely discuss the formation mechanism, usage characteristics and cognitive function of Xiehouyu. This paper, by means of corpus statistics and questionnaire survey, studies the situation, intention and effect of the use of Xiehouyu. At the same time, the formation mechanism and structural characteristics of Xiehouyu are explained by using metaphor and metonymy theory in cognitive linguistics. It is found that there are familiar, idiomatic and temporary Xiehouyu in (a) 's Xiehouyu. The more unfamiliar (or temporary) hymns are, the less likely it is to omit the latter. The most important part of Xiehou is actually the second half, unless it has been highly idiomized, its true meaning often cannot be inferred from the understanding of the "hindsight" part of the; (b) hymn, which is often the basis of the metonymy and metaphor used, or the metonymy base. More than 50% of the respondents thought that the use of Xiehouyu was associated with the qualities of "humor" and "cleverness", and that the use of Xiehouyu was different from that of general metaphors and metonymy, and its cognitive function had been weakened. It is mainly its social function.
【作者单位】：上海外国语大学;
【分类号】：H15

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