古汉语语气范畴“也”的演化及相关语言问题

发布时间：2018-08-18 08:05

【摘要】：古汉语语气范畴“也”的演化及由此直接引发的语言问题,诸多学者都做过研究并取得了一定的成就,但同时也表现出许多诚待突破的不足。本文拟针对这些不足,从历史性研究模式出发,立足表里描写体系,关注过程连续性,对古汉语语气范畴“也”的出现及显著发展情况进行系列演化研究,并以此演化研究所提供的动态信息为基础,利用历层研究模式的现有成果,对其演化所及语言问题,即文言判断句句末“也”是否为判断动词性质、语气范畴“也”是单功能还是多功能的以及“也”的语气功能与非语气功能等问题进行考察,以期弥补现行研究的不足,推进古汉语语气范畴“也”的演化及相关语言问题的研究。全文包括以下四个部分：第一部分,绪论。综述古汉语语气范畴“也”表里系列演化及相关语言问题的研究现状,并从成就和不足两方面作出评价。明确本文的研究目的和研究思路。说明本文所运用的研究方法。明确本文语料范围。第二部分,古汉语语气范畴“也”系列演化描写体系的构建。以小三角模式为理论指导,分语表形式和语里意义两个方面构建描写体系。语表形式描写体系的构建从关涉单位维、句法位置维、特征性组合维三个维度构建。语里意义描写体系的构建在参考以往语气系统相关研究的基础之上,依照笼统情绪义、多维评判义、整体意向义的意义系列展开,构建更适合古汉语“也”的语气体系。第三部分,古汉语语气范畴“也”系列演化过程。演化过程的分期采用分层形式进行。以“也”的语法性质为依据,以语气副词“也”的出现为一层分段标志,以语气范畴“也”与判断动词“是”的共现情况为二层分段标志,将其演化过程划分为四个阶段：①“也”独用阶段(先秦时期)、②语气词“也”与判断动词“是”少量共现阶段(两汉魏晋南北朝时期)、③语气词“也”和语气副词“也”与判断动词“是”并行共现阶段(唐宋时期)、④语气副词“也”与判断动词“是”共现阶段(元明清时期)。按此四阶段划分进行描写,每一阶段皆从语表形式和语里意义两个方面进行描写。第四部分,古汉语语气范畴“也”系列演化所及语言问题。主要是文言判断句句末“也”是否为判断动词、语气范畴“也”是单功能还是多功能的以及“也”的语气功能与非语气功能等问题。在描写古汉语语气范畴“也”系列演化的基础上,利用历层研究模式的既得成果,对上述问题做出一些考察。
[Abstract]:Many scholars have made some achievements in the evolution of mood category of ancient Chinese and the language problems caused directly by it, but at the same time, they have also shown many shortcomings to be broken through. In view of these shortcomings, this paper intends to carry out a series of evolutionary studies on the appearance and remarkable development of the mood category in ancient Chinese, starting from the historical research model, based on the system of internal description, paying attention to the continuity of the process. On the basis of the dynamic information provided by the Evolution Research Institute, and using the existing achievements of the historical research model, the linguistic problems involved in its evolution, namely whether the last sentence of classical Chinese judgment sentence "also" is the nature of the verb, are discussed. The mood category "also" is mono-functional or multi-functional, and the modal function and non-modal function of "also" are investigated in order to make up for the deficiency of the current research. To promote the evolution of mood category in ancient Chinese and the study of related language issues. The full text includes the following four parts: the first part, introduction. This paper summarizes the research status of the evolution of "Yi" series and related language problems in the category of mood in ancient Chinese, and makes an evaluation from two aspects: achievements and deficiencies. Clear the purpose of this study and research ideas. Explain the research method used in this paper. This paper clarifies the scope of the corpus. The second part, the construction of the series evolution description system of mood category in ancient Chinese. Under the guidance of the small triangle model, the description system is constructed in two aspects: the form of language table and the meaning of language. The construction of formal description system involves three dimensions: unit dimension, syntactic position dimension and characteristic combination dimension. On the basis of referring to the previous studies on mood system, the description system of meaning in language is constructed according to the series of general emotional meaning, multi-dimension judgment meaning and whole intention meaning, which is more suitable for the mood system of ancient Chinese. The third part, the ancient Chinese mood category "also" series evolution process. The evolution process is divided into layers. Based on the grammatical nature of "also", the appearance of mood adverb "Ya" is regarded as a level of segmental sign, and the co-occurrence of mood category "also" and "judging verb" is regarded as a two-tier segmental sign. The evolution process is divided into four stages: 1: "also" stage (Pre-Qin period) "also" and "judging verb" is "a small amount of the present stage (the Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin and Northern and Southern dynasties)" also "and" mood " The adverb "also" and the "judging verb" are "the mood adverbs" and the "judging verbs" in the concurrent current stage (Tang and Song dynasties) are "the Communist stage (Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties)." According to the four stages, each stage is described from two aspects: the form of the language and the meaning of the language. The fourth part, the language problems in the evolution of the category of mood in ancient Chinese. It is mainly about whether "also" is a judgment verb at the end of sentence and sentence in classical Chinese, whether the category of mood is single function or multifunctional, and whether the modal function and non-modal function of "also". On the basis of describing the evolution of the mood category of ancient Chinese, this paper makes some investigations on the above problems by using the existing achievements of the historical research model.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H14

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