四岁幼儿语义句法范畴及语义句模研究

发布时间：2018-09-02 08:24

【摘要】：纵观国内外幼儿句法的研究,主要采用传统语法学方法,对幼儿句子的组成成分、句长等进行研究。本文以语义语法学理论为指导,以四岁幼儿的日常会话语言作为研究对象,对语义句法范畴的定义、语义特征,语义句模的分类、特点及其与句法结构的对应关系,语义句模的语用功能等方面进行研究。首先,借鉴语义句法范畴与幼儿句法研究的理论成果,建立起四岁幼儿语义句法范畴的标注体系。该体系包括结核范畴、角色范畴、情态范畴、语气范畴、关联范畴和独语范畴六个部分,将语义句法框架主要分为陈述结构范畴和指称结构范畴两个大类,并根据不同的标准将其划分为不同的层级,进而进行下位分类。其次,研究四岁幼儿语义句法范畴的语义特征,并详细分析了陈述结构范畴下位体系中施动类陈述结核范畴、祈使类陈述结核范畴、参与类陈述结核范畴、遭致类陈述结核范畴、存有类陈述结核范畴、感知类陈述结核范畴、评判类陈述结核范畴、性状类陈述结核范畴的语义特征。重点运用语义语法学的句法语义研究方法,在语料标注的基础上,利用语料库技术抽取了四岁幼儿日常会话句模。并根据动核数量和所结合的语义角色、情态范畴情况,将抽取的幼儿句模分为简单句模和复杂句模两大类。最后,对抽取的四岁幼儿简单句模和复杂句模的特点进行考察,指出四岁幼儿简单句模的习得优于复杂句模,并且分析了复杂句模中两个或多个结核范畴之间的语义角色共用和语义相关联现象,同时研究了四岁幼儿习得的谓词性主谓句和主谓谓语句这两种句型与语义句模之间一对多的对应关系,描写了幼儿语义句模的语用功能。本研究的创新之处在于：本文对四岁幼儿语义句模的研究是建立在大量语料标注基础之上的,采取理论与实际研究相结合,运用了语料库标注和统计的方法。这些方法在幼儿语言研究中相对具有独特性,能提高研究的准确性和科学性。本研究对丰富语义语法学理论,拓宽语义句法范畴和语义句模研究的新视野以及归纳幼儿语义句模,丰富幼儿句法研究理论和幼儿教学等方面都有着重要的理论和实践意义。
[Abstract]:Based on the research of infant syntax at home and abroad, the composition and length of sentences are studied by traditional grammar method. Under the guidance of semantic grammar theory and the daily conversational language of four-year-old children, this paper studies the definition of semantic syntactic category, semantic features, classification of semantic sentence models, characteristics and their corresponding relationship with syntactic structures. The pragmatic functions of semantic models are studied. First of all, using the theoretical achievements of semantic syntactic category and infant syntactic research, we set up a four-year-old child's semantic syntactic category tagging system. The system includes six parts: tuberculosis category, role category, modal category, mood category, relevance category and monologue category. The semantic syntactic framework is divided into two categories: declarative structure category and referential structure category. According to different standards, it is divided into different levels, and then the lower classification is carried out. Secondly, the semantic characteristics of semantic syntactic category of four-year-old children are studied, and the following aspects are analyzed in detail: the category of active statement tuberculosis, the category of imperative statement of tuberculosis, the category of participation in the category of statement of tuberculosis, the lower system of the category of statement structure. The semantic features of the nodule category are described in the following categories: the nodule category, and the trait class statement. In this paper, the syntactic and semantic methods of semantic grammar are applied to extract daily conversational sentence models of four-year-old children based on corpus tagging. According to the number of moving-kernels and the combined semantic roles and modal categories, the extracted child sentence modules are divided into two categories: simple sentence modules and complex sentence modules. Finally, the characteristics of simple sentence model and complex sentence model are investigated, and it is pointed out that the acquisition of simple sentence model is better than that of complex sentence model. Furthermore, the semantic role sharing and semantic association between two or more nodule categories in complex sentence models are analyzed. At the same time, this paper studies the one-to-many correspondence between the predicate subject-predicate sentence and the semantic sentence model, and describes the pragmatic functions of the semantic sentence model. The innovation of this study lies in the fact that the research on semantic sentence models of four-year-old children is based on a large number of corpus tagging, which combines theory with practical research and uses the methods of corpus tagging and statistics. These methods are relatively unique in the study of young children's language, and can improve the accuracy and scientific nature of the research. This study has important theoretical and practical significance for enriching semantic grammar theory, broadening the new vision of semantic syntactic category and semantic sentence pattern research, inducing the semantic sentence pattern of young children, enriching the theory of child's syntactic research and infant teaching and so on.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H146.3

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