特殊数量结构的主观量研究
发布时间：2018-09-03 12:50
【摘要】：不仅事物有量的大小,动作、性状都有量的区别。在现代汉语中,通常用数词和量词以及数量短语来客观、准确地说明量,例如“一本书”、“两间房”“三天时间”等。但是有些数量结构已经不再准确、客观地表达量,而变得越来越依赖说话人的主观性,表达不同于实际量的主观量,例如“半天”、“一桌子菜”、“一大堆土”等。本文拟从主观性出发讨论三种数量结构的主观量问题。本文一共分为五章:绪论部分对主观量的已有研究进行了回顾,提出了一些存在的问题,确定了本文的研究思路。第一章是相关概念和理论的介绍,主要包括量范畴、主观性和主观量三个方面。最重要的是理清了主观性和主观量之间的关系,为数量结构的主观量研究提供了理论前提。第二章以“半天”为例,研究时量性数量短语所表达的主观量。“半天”有两种含义,既表达“白天的一半”,又表达“相当长的时间”。前者表达的是客观量,称为“半天1”;后者表达主观量,称为“半天2”。本章通过对比两者在句法上、语义上的不同,揭示出“半天2”表达主观量的特点,并分析“半天2”主观量的来源。第三章研究特殊的“一+量”结构的主观量表达问题,例如“一身汗”、“一鼻子灰”、“一屋子人”等。本章通过分析“一+量”结构各个构成部分的特点,总结出其表达主观量的规律,还对该结构主观量的来源和主观性进行了讨论。第四章分析“数形量”结构表达的主观量,例如“一大张纸”、“一长根铁丝”等,通过分析进入该结构的数词、量词和形容词的语义特征,揭示出其表达主观量的特点。数形量结构不仅可以表达主观量,还具有绘形功能,使得数形量结构的主观性程度进一步增强。本文在主观性视角下,研究三种类型的数量结构所表达的主观量。它们在句法功能和语义功能上各有特点,但在使用的过程中都变得越来越依赖说话人的主观性,最终成为主观量的表达形式。它们所表达的主观量不仅是期待量和实际量对比的结果,也是说话人对量进行夸张和强调的结果,不仅表达了说话人对量的评价和看法,还突显了说话人的情感和态度。说话人的主观性在数量结构表达主观量的过程中发挥了十分重要的作用。
[Abstract]:Not only do things have quantitative differences in size, movement, and character. In modern Chinese, numerals, quantifiers and quantitative phrases are often used to describe quantities objectively and accurately, such as "one book", "two rooms", "three days' time" and so on. However, some quantitative structures are no longer accurate and objectively express quantity, and become more and more dependent on the subjectivity of the speaker and the subjective quantity which is different from the actual quantity, such as "half a day", "one table dish", "a lot of earth" and so on. In this paper, the subjective quantity problem of three kinds of quantitative structures is discussed on the basis of subjectivity. This paper is divided into five chapters: the introduction part reviews the existing research on subjective quantities, puts forward some existing problems, and determines the research ideas of this paper. The first chapter is the introduction of related concepts and theories, including quantitative category, subjectivity and subjective measurement. The most important thing is to clarify the relationship between subjectivity and subjective quantity, which provides a theoretical premise for the study of subjective quantity of quantitative structure. The second chapter takes Half-day as an example to study the subjective quantity expressed by quantitive phrases. Half-day has two meanings, half the day and a long time. The former expresses objective quantity, which is called "half day 1", and the latter expresses subjective quantity, called "half day 2". By comparing their syntactic and semantic differences, this chapter reveals the characteristics of "half-day 2" expressing subjective quantity, and analyzes the source of "half-day 2" subjective quantity. The third chapter studies the subjective expression of the special "one quantity" structure, such as "a sweat", "a grey nose", "a house of people" and so on. In this chapter, the characteristics of each component of "one quantity" structure are analyzed, the law of expressing subjective quantity is summarized, and the source and subjectivity of subjective quantity of this structure are also discussed. The fourth chapter analyzes the subjective quantity of the expression of "number quantity" structure, such as "a big sheet of paper", "a long wire", and so on. By analyzing the semantic characteristics of numerals, quantifiers and adjectives entering the structure, it reveals the characteristics of expressing subjective quantities. The structure of numerals can not only express subjective quantity, but also has the function of drawing shape, which makes the subjective degree of numeral-form structure more subjective. From the perspective of subjectivity, this paper studies the subjective quantities expressed by three types of quantitative structures. They have their own characteristics in syntactic and semantic functions, but they become more and more dependent on the subjectivity of the speaker in the process of using, and finally become the expression form of subjective quantity. The subjective quantity expressed by them is not only the result of the comparison of expectation quantity and actual quantity, but also the result of exaggeration and emphasis on quantity by the speaker. It not only expresses the speaker's evaluation and view of quantity, but also highlights the emotion and attitude of the speaker. The subjectivity of the speaker plays an important role in the process of expressing the subjective quantity in the quantitative structure.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.2
本文编号：2220025
[Abstract]:Not only do things have quantitative differences in size, movement, and character. In modern Chinese, numerals, quantifiers and quantitative phrases are often used to describe quantities objectively and accurately, such as "one book", "two rooms", "three days' time" and so on. However, some quantitative structures are no longer accurate and objectively express quantity, and become more and more dependent on the subjectivity of the speaker and the subjective quantity which is different from the actual quantity, such as "half a day", "one table dish", "a lot of earth" and so on. In this paper, the subjective quantity problem of three kinds of quantitative structures is discussed on the basis of subjectivity. This paper is divided into five chapters: the introduction part reviews the existing research on subjective quantities, puts forward some existing problems, and determines the research ideas of this paper. The first chapter is the introduction of related concepts and theories, including quantitative category, subjectivity and subjective measurement. The most important thing is to clarify the relationship between subjectivity and subjective quantity, which provides a theoretical premise for the study of subjective quantity of quantitative structure. The second chapter takes Half-day as an example to study the subjective quantity expressed by quantitive phrases. Half-day has two meanings, half the day and a long time. The former expresses objective quantity, which is called "half day 1", and the latter expresses subjective quantity, called "half day 2". By comparing their syntactic and semantic differences, this chapter reveals the characteristics of "half-day 2" expressing subjective quantity, and analyzes the source of "half-day 2" subjective quantity. The third chapter studies the subjective expression of the special "one quantity" structure, such as "a sweat", "a grey nose", "a house of people" and so on. In this chapter, the characteristics of each component of "one quantity" structure are analyzed, the law of expressing subjective quantity is summarized, and the source and subjectivity of subjective quantity of this structure are also discussed. The fourth chapter analyzes the subjective quantity of the expression of "number quantity" structure, such as "a big sheet of paper", "a long wire", and so on. By analyzing the semantic characteristics of numerals, quantifiers and adjectives entering the structure, it reveals the characteristics of expressing subjective quantities. The structure of numerals can not only express subjective quantity, but also has the function of drawing shape, which makes the subjective degree of numeral-form structure more subjective. From the perspective of subjectivity, this paper studies the subjective quantities expressed by three types of quantitative structures. They have their own characteristics in syntactic and semantic functions, but they become more and more dependent on the subjectivity of the speaker in the process of using, and finally become the expression form of subjective quantity. The subjective quantity expressed by them is not only the result of the comparison of expectation quantity and actual quantity, but also the result of exaggeration and emphasis on quantity by the speaker. It not only expresses the speaker's evaluation and view of quantity, but also highlights the emotion and attitude of the speaker. The subjectivity of the speaker plays an important role in the process of expressing the subjective quantity in the quantitative structure.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H146.2
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