山西方言吕梁片和并州片中古全浊塞音、塞擦音声母演化路径探析
发布时间：2018-09-06 20:20
【摘要】：汉语全浊声母的清化是一条非常重要的语音演变规律。中古全浊塞音、塞擦音声母在现代汉语方言中的清化类型可以分为七类,而在山西方言中就有四种之多,分别是：(1)平送仄不送——晋东南及晋北地区的大部分方言;(2)平送,仄部分送部分不送——晋南汾河片方言和晋西吕梁片大部分方言；(3)仄不送,平部分送部分不送——并州片方言；(4)平仄各有部分送气部分不送气——晋北五台片的五台、定襄、忻州、原平,及云中片的大同、山阴等地。其中,前三种是典型类型。由于吕梁片和并州片几乎包含了山西方言全浊塞音、塞擦音声母清化的几种典型类型,且在地理位置上两片相毗连,便于比较分析二者的差异,所以本文以吕梁片和并州片作为考察对象,尝试运用现代音系学理论从语音内部的演变规律和方言接触角度分析山西方言全浊塞音、塞擦音声母的演变路径及次序,并预测其可能的演变趋势。根据语音演变规律和方言接触的影响可知吕梁片全浊塞音、塞擦音声母的演变路径是：√√(平仄都送)√○(平送,仄部分送部分不送)√×(平送仄不送)。在整个演变过程中,塞擦音仄声先由清送气音变为清不送气音,塞音仄声再变。并州片方言全浊塞音、塞擦音声母的演变路径是：××(平仄都不送)○×(仄不送,平部分送部分不送)√×(平送仄不送)。整个演变过程中,平声由不送气变为送气,塞音和塞擦音的次序没有明显的规律。考虑这可能是由于受方言本身特点以及历史、社会、地理等方面因素的影响,方言接触的深度在各个方言中并不相同,所以很难有明显的规律。吕梁片的√○和并州片的○×都属于演变过程中的过渡型,最终都有可能会被强势语言类型√×替换。而替换完成之后,若语音再朝着更加简化的方向发展,两片发展的方向很有可能会遵循√×○×××的方向,因为从发音特点来看,××是最优最自然、发音最省力的类型。
[Abstract]:It is a very important rule of phonetic evolution that the Chinese consonant is purged. In modern Chinese dialects, there are seven types of purging consonants in modern Chinese dialects, but there are as many as four in Shanxi dialects, which are as follows: (1) the majority of dialects in southeast Shanxi and northern Shanxi; (3) the tongues of Fenhe and Lv Liang in the western part of Shanxi; (3) the dialect of Fenhe and Lv Liang in the western part of Shanxi; (3) the dialect of the flat part and the part of the flat part; and (4) the five platforms of the Wutai tablet in the north of Jinbei, Dingxiang, Xinzhou, Yuanping, and Yunzhong film Datong, Shanyin and other places. Among them, the first three are typical types. Because Lv Liang film and shunzhou film almost contain several typical types of Shanxi dialect total turbid choking, and the two pieces are adjacent to each other in geographical position, it is convenient to compare and analyze the difference between the two. Therefore, taking Lv Liang film and Shizhou film as the object of investigation, this paper tries to use modern phonological theory to analyze the evolution path and order of the total turbid silencing and the initial syllable of Shanxi dialect from the angle of phonetic internal evolution and dialect contact. And forecast its possible evolution trend. According to the law of phonetic evolution and the influence of dialect contact, it can be seen that Lv Liang film is completely turbid and blocked. The evolution path of the initial syllable is: ~ (1) ~ (*) ~ (1) ~ (*) ~ (0) ~ (*). In the whole evolution process, the choke tone first changed from the purge tone to the clear air tone, and then the choke tone changed. The evolutional path of the whole turbid choked tone and the initial syllable is: 脳 脳 (not even at all), 0 脳 (not sent by the flat part), and (x) by sending the tongues from the flat part to the other. In the whole evolution process, the flat sound changed from non-exhalation to exhalation, and the order of stopper and stopper was not obvious. Considering that this may be due to the characteristics of dialects and the influence of historical, social, geographical and other factors, the depth of contact between dialects is not the same in each dialect, so it is difficult to have obvious laws. Both Lv Liang and Shunzhou films belong to the transitional type in the process of evolution and may eventually be replaced by strong language types. After the replacement is completed, if the pronunciation develops towards a more simplified direction, the direction of the development of the two pieces is likely to follow the direction of * 0 脳 脳 脳, because in terms of pronunciation characteristics, 脳 脳 is the most natural and the most labor-saving type of pronunciation.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H172.2
[Abstract]:It is a very important rule of phonetic evolution that the Chinese consonant is purged. In modern Chinese dialects, there are seven types of purging consonants in modern Chinese dialects, but there are as many as four in Shanxi dialects, which are as follows: (1) the majority of dialects in southeast Shanxi and northern Shanxi; (3) the tongues of Fenhe and Lv Liang in the western part of Shanxi; (3) the dialect of Fenhe and Lv Liang in the western part of Shanxi; (3) the dialect of the flat part and the part of the flat part; and (4) the five platforms of the Wutai tablet in the north of Jinbei, Dingxiang, Xinzhou, Yuanping, and Yunzhong film Datong, Shanyin and other places. Among them, the first three are typical types. Because Lv Liang film and shunzhou film almost contain several typical types of Shanxi dialect total turbid choking, and the two pieces are adjacent to each other in geographical position, it is convenient to compare and analyze the difference between the two. Therefore, taking Lv Liang film and Shizhou film as the object of investigation, this paper tries to use modern phonological theory to analyze the evolution path and order of the total turbid silencing and the initial syllable of Shanxi dialect from the angle of phonetic internal evolution and dialect contact. And forecast its possible evolution trend. According to the law of phonetic evolution and the influence of dialect contact, it can be seen that Lv Liang film is completely turbid and blocked. The evolution path of the initial syllable is: ~ (1) ~ (*) ~ (1) ~ (*) ~ (0) ~ (*). In the whole evolution process, the choke tone first changed from the purge tone to the clear air tone, and then the choke tone changed. The evolutional path of the whole turbid choked tone and the initial syllable is: 脳 脳 (not even at all), 0 脳 (not sent by the flat part), and (x) by sending the tongues from the flat part to the other. In the whole evolution process, the flat sound changed from non-exhalation to exhalation, and the order of stopper and stopper was not obvious. Considering that this may be due to the characteristics of dialects and the influence of historical, social, geographical and other factors, the depth of contact between dialects is not the same in each dialect, so it is difficult to have obvious laws. Both Lv Liang and Shunzhou films belong to the transitional type in the process of evolution and may eventually be replaced by strong language types. After the replacement is completed, if the pronunciation develops towards a more simplified direction, the direction of the development of the two pieces is likely to follow the direction of * 0 脳 脳 脳, because in terms of pronunciation characteristics, 脳 脳 is the most natural and the most labor-saving type of pronunciation.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H172.2
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