《孔子家语》反义词研究

发布时间：2018-10-08 13:49

【摘要】：《孔子家语》(以下简称《家语》)内容丰富广泛,涉及古代的经济、社会生活及思想文化、制度风俗等等,是一部记录孔子及其弟子思想言行的儒家著作。《家语》词汇量丰富,口语色彩浓厚,有很高的语言研究价值。本文借鉴前人的研究方法和研究成果,对《家语》中的反义词进行了细致的描写与分析,以求能为汉语词汇史的研究做出一点贡献。全文除绪论和结语外,共分为四部分。绪论部分首先对《家语》及其研究概况进行简要的介绍和概述,其次对古代汉语反义词的研究现状和研究趋势做简要的说明,最后阐明研究《家语》反义词的意义和方法。第一章《孔子家语》反义词的界定,主要参照语义标准、语法标准和语用标准,运用反义连文、反义对文、否定式结构、语义相反或相对、参照相关注释等方法来判定并统计出《家语》里面的反义词共341对。第二章《孔子家语》反义词分类描写,主要是对统计出来的《家语》里的反义词进行分类描写,主要从音节、词性、反义关系、内容等方面进行分类和分析描写,发现《家语》反义词符合上古汉语词汇的整体发展风貌。第三章《孔子家语》反义词辨析,是按照义位对应关系,对《家语》里的反义词进行辨析,主要从双边单项对立、双边多项对立、多边单项对立和多边多项对立四个方面进行详尽的辨析,得出《家语》反义词的一个特点:义位对应关系复杂。第四章《孔子家语》反义词的特点,主要总结《家语》反义词的特点:不平衡性和义位对应的复杂性。并对其形成原因与表现作简要的说明。结语部分主要总结了《家语》反义词的整体特点及研究意义。
[Abstract]:"Family language of Confucius" (hereinafter referred to as "Family language") is a Confucian work which records the thoughts and words of Confucius and his disciples, covering the ancient economy, social life, ideology and culture, system and customs, etc. Spoken language color is strong, has the very high language research value. Based on the previous research methods and achievements, this paper makes a detailed description and analysis of antonyms in "Family language" in order to make some contributions to the study of the history of Chinese vocabulary. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the full text is divided into four parts. The introduction part first briefly introduces and summarizes "Family language" and its research survey, secondly, briefly explains the research status and research trend of ancient Chinese antonyms, and finally clarifies the meaning and method of studying "Jia Yu" antonyms. The first chapter is about the definition of antonyms, which mainly refers to the semantic standard, grammatical standard and pragmatic standard, using antisense conjunct, antisense, negative structure, semantic opposite or relative. A total of 341 pairs of antonyms in Family language were identified and counted with reference to related annotations. The second chapter is the classification and description of antonyms, which are mainly classified and described from syllables, parts of speech, antonyms, contents and so on, which are mainly classified and described from the aspects of syllables, parts of speech, antonyms, contents and so on. It is found that the antonyms are in line with the overall development of ancient Chinese vocabulary. The third chapter "Confucius Family language" antonyms discriminates and analyzes the antonyms in "Family language" according to the corresponding relation of sememes, mainly from bilateral single opposites and bilateral multiple opposites. This paper makes a detailed analysis of the four aspects of multilateral monomial opposites and multilateral multi-opposites, and concludes that the synonyms of "family language" are characterized by complex semantic correspondence. Chapter four is about the characteristics of the antonyms of Confucius' Family language, which mainly summarizes the characteristics of the antonyms: the unbalance and the complexity of the corresponding meanings. The reasons and manifestations of its formation are briefly explained. The conclusion summarizes the overall characteristics and significance of antonyms.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H131

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