《围城》中新奇隐喻的预设运行机制研究
发布时间：2018-11-01 19:06
【摘要】：论文基于前人对《围城》语言特色研究的分析,发现《围城》中的隐喻超越了传统隐喻的关注范畴。作者将隐喻作为一种传递交际意图的手段,此时的喻体更多地承载了特定的语用功能,如利用幽默的语言讽刺现实,唤起民众社会良知。这种隐喻的喻体常打破读者预设,具有意外性和惊奇性,因此需要耗费读者更多的认知努力,这种隐喻成为了具有钱氏特色的新奇隐喻。论文从语用学角度出发,将预设与新奇隐喻结合,试图提供研究《围城》中新奇隐喻的新视角。通过研究发现,《围城》中大量精巧使用的隐喻不仅实现了它在认知层面的基本功能,而且还承担了特定的语用功能,喻体具有双重功能性的新奇隐喻比传统隐喻更具研究价值。此外,对于显性与隐性预设概念的构建也使得对预设的分类更加多元化。要真正理解作者使用新奇隐喻的真实意图,很有必要搞清楚显性与隐性预设的运行机制。文章通过对显性与隐性预设运行机制采用路径图分析后,新奇隐喻与预设条件间的匹配过程被明晰化,即隐喻传递的真正交际意图被明晰化。论文通过对书中八例具有代表性的新奇隐喻的分析,探索出了每个新奇隐喻背后作者传递出的真实交际意图,突破了传统隐喻研究本体与喻体间映射关系的局限,升华了《围城》中新奇隐喻的语用价值。论文运用语用学的预设理论框架探讨了预设运行的机制。根据《围城》新奇隐喻中蕴含的语境因素,预设运行机制被分为隐性预设运行机制和显性预设运行机制。笔者发现,因新奇隐喻预设的隐含性,读者一时难以获取新奇隐喻的正确交际意图,因此需要调集大脑中与之相关的社会文化知识对其进行破解并付出更多的认知努力。这就是隐性预设的运行机制。若新奇隐喻在预设中的句内语境因素清晰明显,不需要读者结合相关的社会文化背景知识即可获得理解,这就是显性预设的运行机制。在《围城》中,新奇隐喻的隐性预设条件主要体现在文化因素上,如成语中的隐性喻体以及承载于历史事件中的隐性喻体。新奇隐喻的喻体特点如能和预设条件顺利匹配,即属显性预设,如无法顺利匹配,需要进行二次匹配的属于隐性预设。在二次匹配中,不一致性被消除后,隐喻的实际交际意图才可被正确获取。可见,区分显性与隐性预设对于《围城》中新奇隐喻的理解十分必要。此外,显性预设中的句内因素在帮助读者获取新奇隐喻的交际意图中也十分重要,它表现在句内的语境因素和概念因素上。此时,读者不能局限于只理解字面意思,因为句内概念所指已经发生改变。也就是说,读者为理解隐喻预设需要将作者提供的隐喻进行放大或缩小化处理,处理后的隐喻预设意图才是读者应该关注的真正意图。
[Abstract]:Based on the previous studies on the linguistic characteristics of besieged cities, it is found that the metaphor in besieged City exceeds the focus of traditional metaphors. The author regards metaphor as a means to convey communicative intention, and the metaphor carries more specific pragmatic functions, such as satirizing reality with humorous language and arousing the social conscience of the people. This kind of metaphor often breaks the reader's presupposition and is unexpected and surprising, so it needs to expend more cognitive efforts of the reader. This kind of metaphor has become a novel metaphor with Qian's characteristics. From the perspective of pragmatics, this paper combines presupposition with novel metaphor and tries to provide a new perspective for the study of novel metaphors in besieged cities. Through the study, it is found that a large number of subtle metaphors used in besieged cities not only fulfill its basic functions at the cognitive level, but also assume specific pragmatic functions. Novel metaphors with dual functions are more valuable than traditional metaphors. In addition, the construction of explicit and implicit presupposition also makes the classification of presupposition more diversified. In order to understand the author's real intention of using novel metaphors, it is necessary to understand the mechanism of explicit and implicit presupposition. By analyzing the operating mechanism of explicit and implicit presupposition, the matching process between novel metaphor and presupposition is clarified, that is, the real communicative intention of metaphorical transmission is clarified. Through the analysis of eight representative novel metaphors in the book, this paper explores the real communicative intention of the author behind each novel metaphor, and breaks through the limitations of the traditional metaphorical study of the mapping relationship between the ontology and the vehicle. It sublimates the pragmatic value of novel metaphors in besieged cities. This paper explores the mechanism of presupposition by using the presupposition framework of pragmatics. According to the contextual factors contained in novel metaphor of "besieged City", the presupposition mechanism is divided into implicit presupposition mechanism and explicit presupposition mechanism. The author finds that due to the presupposition of novel metaphors it is difficult for readers to obtain the correct communicative intention of novel metaphors. Therefore it is necessary to mobilize the relevant sociocultural knowledge in the brain to decipher it and make more cognitive efforts. This is the implicit default operating mechanism. If the contextual factors of novel metaphor in the presupposition are clear and clear, and the reader does not need to combine the relevant social and cultural background knowledge, it can be understood, which is the operating mechanism of explicit presupposition. In besieged cities, the implicit presupposition of novel metaphors is mainly reflected in cultural factors, such as the recessive vehicles in idioms and the recessive vehicles in historical events. If the novel metaphor can match with the presupposition, it belongs to the dominant presupposition. If it can not match smoothly, it is a recessive presupposition that needs to be matched twice. After the inconsistency is eliminated, the actual communicative intention of metaphor can be obtained correctly. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish between explicit and implicit presuppositions for the understanding of novel metaphors in besieged cities. In addition, the intra-sentence factors in explicit presupposition are also very important in helping readers to acquire novel metaphors in the communicative intention, which is manifested in the contextual and conceptual factors in the sentence. At this point, the reader can not only understand the literal meaning, because the concept in the sentence has changed. In other words, in order to understand metaphorical presupposition, readers need to enlarge or reduce the metaphorical meaning provided by the author, and the intention of metaphorical presupposition after processing is the real intention that readers should pay attention to.
【学位授予单位】：湖南工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H15
本文编号：2304831
[Abstract]:Based on the previous studies on the linguistic characteristics of besieged cities, it is found that the metaphor in besieged City exceeds the focus of traditional metaphors. The author regards metaphor as a means to convey communicative intention, and the metaphor carries more specific pragmatic functions, such as satirizing reality with humorous language and arousing the social conscience of the people. This kind of metaphor often breaks the reader's presupposition and is unexpected and surprising, so it needs to expend more cognitive efforts of the reader. This kind of metaphor has become a novel metaphor with Qian's characteristics. From the perspective of pragmatics, this paper combines presupposition with novel metaphor and tries to provide a new perspective for the study of novel metaphors in besieged cities. Through the study, it is found that a large number of subtle metaphors used in besieged cities not only fulfill its basic functions at the cognitive level, but also assume specific pragmatic functions. Novel metaphors with dual functions are more valuable than traditional metaphors. In addition, the construction of explicit and implicit presupposition also makes the classification of presupposition more diversified. In order to understand the author's real intention of using novel metaphors, it is necessary to understand the mechanism of explicit and implicit presupposition. By analyzing the operating mechanism of explicit and implicit presupposition, the matching process between novel metaphor and presupposition is clarified, that is, the real communicative intention of metaphorical transmission is clarified. Through the analysis of eight representative novel metaphors in the book, this paper explores the real communicative intention of the author behind each novel metaphor, and breaks through the limitations of the traditional metaphorical study of the mapping relationship between the ontology and the vehicle. It sublimates the pragmatic value of novel metaphors in besieged cities. This paper explores the mechanism of presupposition by using the presupposition framework of pragmatics. According to the contextual factors contained in novel metaphor of "besieged City", the presupposition mechanism is divided into implicit presupposition mechanism and explicit presupposition mechanism. The author finds that due to the presupposition of novel metaphors it is difficult for readers to obtain the correct communicative intention of novel metaphors. Therefore it is necessary to mobilize the relevant sociocultural knowledge in the brain to decipher it and make more cognitive efforts. This is the implicit default operating mechanism. If the contextual factors of novel metaphor in the presupposition are clear and clear, and the reader does not need to combine the relevant social and cultural background knowledge, it can be understood, which is the operating mechanism of explicit presupposition. In besieged cities, the implicit presupposition of novel metaphors is mainly reflected in cultural factors, such as the recessive vehicles in idioms and the recessive vehicles in historical events. If the novel metaphor can match with the presupposition, it belongs to the dominant presupposition. If it can not match smoothly, it is a recessive presupposition that needs to be matched twice. After the inconsistency is eliminated, the actual communicative intention of metaphor can be obtained correctly. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish between explicit and implicit presuppositions for the understanding of novel metaphors in besieged cities. In addition, the intra-sentence factors in explicit presupposition are also very important in helping readers to acquire novel metaphors in the communicative intention, which is manifested in the contextual and conceptual factors in the sentence. At this point, the reader can not only understand the literal meaning, because the concept in the sentence has changed. In other words, in order to understand metaphorical presupposition, readers need to enlarge or reduce the metaphorical meaning provided by the author, and the intention of metaphorical presupposition after processing is the real intention that readers should pay attention to.
【学位授予单位】：湖南工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H15
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