汉语国际教育中级汉语写作教学研究

发布时间：2018-12-11 04:19

【摘要】：在汉语国际教育教学中,学生汉语水平到了中级,已经完成了从造句到语段、语篇表达的过渡,有了一定的文体写作基础。教学安排应该以各种语篇表达形式为主,如记叙、议论、说明等文体,另外还要包括一些基本的功能项目,如比较事物、进行对照、表达过程、作出结论等。从汉语国际教育的整体来看,写作教学相对于其他语言技能的教学,公认难度是比较大的。因为写作教学作为语言教学的一部分,一方面要帮助学生巩固所学过的汉语知识;另一方面也要培养学生的汉语思维能力和书面表达能力。如此,写作教学在汉语国际教育的教学环节中,居于不容忽视的地位。根据《国际汉语能力标准》中汉语书面交际能力的等级划分来看,内蒙古师范大学二连浩特国际学院中级水平的留学生,其写作能力与规定的标准有一定差距。因此,以内蒙古师范大学二连浩特国际学院的中级班写作教学作为研究内容展开讨论,以此对写作教学做出思考。通过案例分析、课堂观察、访谈以及分析写作材料等形式,对内蒙古师范大学二连浩特国际学院中级班的写作教学现状进行调查,发现存在以下问题:教师的教学目标随意,未重视培养学生的汉语思维和写作讲评;学生则是文体知识储备不充足,写作中文章结构不清晰,语言表达问题比较多。出现这些问题的原因,教师方面,主要是由于教师对教学目标的重视不够,对学生的母语负迁移现象认识不足,在课堂环节中忽略了讲评的重要作用;学生方面,主要是因为学生没有明确的文体意识,缺少文章结构顺序的思维,对汉语知识的掌握也不够扎实。根据汉语国际教育中级班的写作教学问题,提出以下教学建议:首先,教师要明确教学目标,提高学生的语篇表达能力;其次,教师要重视培养汉语思维,激发学生写作兴趣;第三,要加强汉语基础知识的讲授,减少语言表达偏误;第四,要重视文体知识的学习,让学生能更好的把握文章结构;最后,要及时纠正写作偏误,注重作文跟进讲评。本文的调查结果,可能会受到调查对象个体和数量因素的影响。同时,只对中级汉语写作教学进行了一定的讨论,未能对写作教学中与其他文体的联系做出深入探讨,只能留待今后继续努力了。
[Abstract]:In the teaching of Chinese international education, the students have completed the transition from sentence making to paragraph, discourse expression, and have a certain foundation of stylistic writing. The teaching arrangement should be mainly in the form of discourse expression, such as narrative, argumentation, explanation and so on. In addition, it should also include some basic functional items, such as comparing things, making comparison, expressing process, drawing conclusions and so on. From the perspective of international Chinese education, writing teaching is generally more difficult than that of other language skills. As a part of language teaching, writing teaching should, on the one hand, help students consolidate their knowledge of Chinese language; on the other hand, they should also cultivate students' Chinese thinking ability and written expression ability. Therefore, writing teaching plays an important role in the teaching of Chinese international education. According to the classification of Chinese written communicative competence in the International Chinese proficiency Standard, there is a certain gap between the writing ability of the international students at the intermediate level of Erlianhaote International College of Inner Mongolia normal University and the prescribed standard. Therefore, this paper discusses the writing teaching in the intermediate class of Erlianhaote International College of Inner Mongolia normal University. Through case study, classroom observation, interview and analysis of writing materials, this paper investigates the present situation of writing teaching in the Intermediate Class of Erlianhaote International College of Inner Mongolia normal University. No attention has been paid to the cultivation of students' Chinese thinking and writing criticism; Students have insufficient knowledge of style, unclear structure of writing and many problems of language expression. The reasons for these problems are teachers, mainly because teachers pay less attention to teaching objectives, lack understanding of students' negative transfer of mother tongue, and neglect the important role of comment in the classroom. The main reason for students is that they have no clear sense of style, lack of thinking of structure and sequence of articles, and lack of solid knowledge of Chinese. According to the problems of writing teaching in international Chinese education, the following teaching suggestions are put forward: first, teachers should make clear the teaching objectives and improve the students' ability of discourse expression; secondly, teachers should attach importance to the cultivation of Chinese thinking and stimulate students' interest in writing. Third, to strengthen the teaching of basic knowledge of Chinese, to reduce language errors; fourth, to pay attention to the study of stylistic knowledge, so that students can better grasp the structure of the article; finally, to correct the errors in writing, pay attention to composition follow-up comments. The results of this paper may be affected by individual and quantitative factors. At the same time, the author only discusses the teaching of intermediate Chinese writing, but fails to make a thorough discussion of the relationship between writing teaching and other styles, and can only wait for further efforts in the future.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195.3

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