儿童对请求言语行为理解的比较研究

发布时间：2018-12-17 13:13

【摘要】：儿童语言的习得和发展是非常迅速,并且具有其独特规律性的。儿童语言的特点使得国内外语言学家及心理学家对儿童语言研究产生了浓厚的兴趣。国内对儿童语言的研究多集中于儿童语言特点或语言习得的个案研究,对于儿童某一或某几种言语行为的研究少之又少。本研究以塞尔(1965,1969,1979)的言语行为理论以及布卢姆·科尔卡等人(1984)提出的请求策略为理论依据,对三岁和五岁儿童对请求言语行为的理解进行探析,旨在回答以下两个研究问题:1.三岁和五岁汉语儿童对直接请求、规约性间接请求和非规约性间接请求的理解有何异同?2.预备条件或真诚条件的不满足会如何影响三岁和五岁汉语儿童对请求言语的理解?本研究采用故事补全方法(Story Completion Task Method)设计实验,并对故事补全方法进行了部分调整。本研究共进行了两组实验,实验一以预备条件,被试者年龄及请求策略为自变量;实验二以真诚条件,被试者年龄以及请求策略为自变量。每组实验设定18个故事情景,并对两个年龄组(三岁组和五岁组)共20名被试者进行测试,经过对实验结果的分析和比较,研究发现:(1)就儿童对请求言语理解的相同点而言,(1)两个年龄组的儿童对直接和规约性间接请求的理解都要好于对非规约性间接请求的理解。就不同点而言,(2)首先,五岁儿童整体上比三岁儿童的理解要强;其次,三岁儿童对规约性间接请求的理解要相对好于对直接请求的理解,而五岁儿童则对直接请求和规约性间接请求的理解相当。(2)从适切条件的角度来说,相对预备条件不满足的情况,真诚条件的不满足会对儿童理解请求言语产生更大的消极影响,这正说明儿童能够更早且更好地理解预备条件,而不是真诚条件。(1)预备条件的不满足极大的减少了三岁儿童对请求言语的正确回答,而对五岁儿童的理解没有造成明显的影响,这说明儿童在三岁时已经开始能够理解预备条件,到五岁时已经能够完全掌握这一条件。(2)真诚条件的不满足均会对两组儿童的理解造成较大阻碍,这表明儿童在五岁或在五岁之前就已经开始理解真诚条件,但还不能够完全掌握这一条件。本研究发现有望为儿童请求言语行为理解的相关研究提供资料,并丰富现有研究的数据。同时,本研究的发现能够在一定程度上帮助我们了解学龄前儿童语言发展的规律,从而促进与儿童的沟通,并更好地了解儿童语言发展。
[Abstract]:The acquisition and development of children's language is very rapid and has its unique regularity. The characteristics of children's language make linguists and psychologists at home and abroad have a strong interest in the study of children's language. Domestic researches on children's language are mostly focused on the case study of children's language characteristics or language acquisition, but there are few researches on one or several speech acts of children. Based on Searle's speech act theory (1965-1969-1979) and the request strategy put forward by Bloom Kolka et al. (1984), this study explores the understanding of the speech act of request in children aged 3 and 5. The purpose is to answer the following two research questions: 1. What are the similarities and differences between the three and five year old Chinese children's understanding of direct request, statutory indirect request and non-prescriptive indirect request? 2. How does the unsatisfied condition or sincere condition affect the understanding of the request language in Chinese children aged 3 and 5? In this study, the story completion method (Story Completion Task Method) is used to design the experiment, and the story completion method is partially adjusted. In this study, two groups of experiments were carried out. In experiment 1, the preparation conditions, the age of the subjects and the request strategy were taken as independent variables, and in experiment 2, the sincere condition, the age of the subjects and the request strategy were taken as independent variables. In each group, 18 story scenarios were set up, and 20 subjects in two age groups (three and five years old) were tested, and the results were analyzed and compared. The results show that: (1) the children in the two age groups have better understanding of direct and indirect requests than of non-prescriptive indirect requests. In terms of differences, (2) first of all, five-year-old children as a whole have a better understanding than three-year-old children; Secondly, the three-year-old child has a relatively better understanding of the indirect statutory request than the direct request, while the five-year-old child has a similar understanding of the direct request and the statutory indirect request. (2) from the point of view of the appropriate conditions, In cases where conditions of readiness are not met, failure to satisfy genuine conditions can have a greater negative impact on children's understanding of the language of request, which means that children can understand the conditions of preparation earlier and better. Instead of sincere conditions. (1) the lack of satisfaction of preparatory conditions significantly reduces the correct response of three-year-olds to requests, while the understanding of five-year-olds does not have a significant impact, This shows that the child has begun to understand the preparatory conditions by the age of three and by the age of five has been able to fully grasp this condition. (2) the lack of satisfaction of the sincere conditions will greatly hinder the understanding of the two groups of children, This suggests that children have begun to understand the sincere condition at or before the age of five, but that it is not yet fully grasped. The present study is expected to provide data for relevant studies on children's understanding of speech acts and enrich existing data. At the same time, the findings of this study can help us to understand the rules of preschool children's language development to a certain extent, thus promoting communication with children and better understanding of children's language development.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H136

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