《植物学》（韦廉臣、艾约瑟辑译李善兰笔述）植物学术语研究

发布时间：2018-12-17 15:37

【摘要】：明清之际外来词大量进入汉语的词汇系统,其中既包括日常交际词汇,也包括大量的术语。因为这一时期我国的现代植物学研究成果接近空白,而国人又渴望吸收西方的科技成就,所以植物学术语译名在译介的西方书籍以及植物学著作中大量出现,成为西源外来词的重要组成部分。而作为我国第一部现代意义上的植物学著作,《植物学》(韦廉臣、艾约瑟辑译李善兰笔述,以下简称为《植物学》)中的植物学术语在汉语传统植物学术语向现代植物学术语的演变和发展中起到了起承转合的重要作用,对汉语术语学研究、术语历时研究和植物学术语研究都具有极大的意义和价值。小到个人的日常交际、学习,大到科研活动、词典和教科书的编纂、公共场所植物学知识的普及等都与植物学术语息息相关,因此,对植物学术语译名做出规范化工作是非常重要的。本文以《植物学》中的植物学术语为立足点,综合共时与历时相结合、定量与定性相结合、描写分类法、文献检索法和理论与应用相结合的研究方法,结合我国传统植物文献、明清传教士植物学文献、民国时期植物学教科书、建国以来植物学专著中的植物学术语系统,展现出汉语植物学术语及其关系的演变进程,总结其演变规律,并给汉语植物学术语工作如植物学术语的制定、规范及植物学术语词典的编纂以启示和建议。本文一共划分为五个部分:第一部分为绪论。主要给确定了《植物学》的研究版本、意义和作者,确定了“术语”的概念,并概述了论文的研究现状、研究意义、研究方法和研究内容;第二部分主要给出了《植物学》中植物学术语的辨识原则与方法,并对其进行定量统计,进一步明确了本文的研究对象;第三部分是对《植物学》中植物学术语的关系统计,包括层级关系、同义关系、同位关系等,展现出《植物学》中植物学术语之间复杂的关系;第四部分主要论述了《植物学》中植物学术语的复杂性特点并从语音、词汇、汉字、心理等方面分析了其原因;第五部分是对《植物学》中植物学术语的历时考察,主要从对汉语早期植物学术语的继承以及对之后植物学术语译名的影响;第六部分是对《植物学》中植物学术语的汉化规律进行总结,并提出对现代汉语中植物学术语处理的启示。
[Abstract]:During the Ming and Qing dynasties, loanwords entered the Chinese lexical system in large numbers, including both daily communication vocabulary and a large number of terms. Since the achievements of modern botanical research in China were nearly blank in this period, and the Chinese people were eager to absorb the scientific and technological achievements of the West, the translation of botanical terms appeared in a large number of translated western books and botanical works. It has become an important part of the loanwords in the west. As the first botanical work in the modern sense of our country, Botany. The botanical terms in the following abbreviation "Botany") have played an important role in the evolution and development of Chinese traditional botanical terms to modern botanical terms. Term diachronic research and botanical terminology research are of great significance and value. Small personal daily communication, learning, scientific research, compiling dictionaries and textbooks, and popularizing botanical knowledge in public places are closely related to botanical terms. It is very important to standardize the translation of botanical terms. Based on the botanical terms in Botany, this paper combines synchronic and diachronic, quantitative and qualitative, descriptive classification, literature retrieval and theoretical and applied research methods, and combines traditional plant literature in China. The literature of missionaries botany in Ming and Qing dynasties, the textbooks of botany in the period of the Republic of China and the system of botany terms in botany monographs since the founding of the people's Republic of China show the evolution process of Chinese botany terms and their relations, and sum up their evolution rules. Some suggestions are given to Chinese botanical terminology, such as the establishment of botanical terms, the standardization and the compilation of a dictionary of botanical terms. This paper is divided into five parts: the first part is an introduction. The research edition, significance and author of Botany, the concept of "terminology" are determined, and the research status, significance, research methods and contents of the paper are summarized. In the second part, the identification principles and methods of botanical terms in Botany are given, and the quantitative statistics are carried out to further clarify the research object of this paper. The third part is about the statistics of botany terms in Botany, including hierarchical relation, synonymy relation, synonym relation, and so on, showing the complicated relationship between botanical terms in Botany. The fourth part mainly discusses the complexity of botanical terms in Botany and analyzes the reasons from the aspects of pronunciation, vocabulary, Chinese characters, psychology and so on. The fifth part is the diachronic investigation of botanical terms in Botany, mainly from the inheritance of early Chinese Botany terms and the influence on the translation of Botany terms. The sixth part summarizes the Chinese rules of botany terminology in Botany, and puts forward the enlightenment to the treatment of botanical terms in modern Chinese.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H13

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