泰国艺术大学学生汉字学习情况调查与偏误分析

发布时间：2019-01-26 09:47

【摘要】：文字和语言有着十分密切的关系:文字是一种书写符号系统,用来记录和传播语言,是一种文化工具,它扩大了语言在时间和空间上的交际能力;语言是一种交流思想、表达情感的工具,是人类社会成员之间最重要的关系纽带。因此,人们学习一种语言,除了掌握好口头表达能力、能在日常生活中进行交流以外,还需要掌握好书面表达能力,能准确地使用文字进行阅读与书写。听、说、读、写四个能力要同时提高。虽然汉字是学习汉语的重要因素之一,可是其却对汉语学习者带来了很大的障碍。汉字属于方块文字,由笔画组成一个字,跟世界上大部分的文字是完全不同的,母语为表音文字语言背景的汉语学习者总是会在汉语阅读与写作技巧的提高方面遇到汉字相关难题,因为要进行读写必须先记住汉字。对学习汉语的泰国学生来说汉字也十分陌生,中泰两国的文字差异很大,汉字本身的特殊性使大多数学生在阅读和写作时遇到了困难,学生们都认为汉字是汉语学习的难点之一,所以本人选择将汉字作为研究对象。本文以泰国艺术大学中文专业的学生为研究对象,从学生的角度来研究泰国学生在大学学习汉字的情况。本人通过问卷调查法与访谈法了解到了泰国学生对于汉字的学习态度、在汉语学习过程中遇到过的汉字难题、学生采用的汉字学习方法与教师的教学方法以及学生的汉字书写偏误等等,收集数据进行分析后找出了问题产生的原因,并对汉字教学提出了改进建议。根据调查结果可知,学生认为“写”是最难学的汉字学习技能,虽然学生明明知道各个汉字都有区别,可是在运用的过程中还是会出现错误。学生学习汉字中遇到的问题主要可以分为三种:1、在汉字字音方面,大部分的学生遇到“见字不知音”的问题最多。2、在汉字字义方面,学生遇到“见字不知义”的问题最多。3、在汉字字形方面,学生总是遇到“提笔忘字”的问题。正是因为这些原因,造成了学生在学习过程中出现了很多汉字偏误现象。本人针对这类偏误进行深入的分析得出结论,艺术大学的学生汉字学习过程中出现的问题,除了汉字本身的特点以及留学生汉语学习过程中所普遍存在的缺乏语境、练习量不够、教学方法不当等因素以外,还和艺术大学的汉语课程的设置有关。最后,在论文的第五章本人还根据自己的思考提出了对汉字教学以及汉语课程设置上的一些建议。
[Abstract]:Writing and language have a very close relationship: writing is a writing symbol system used to record and disseminate language, is a cultural tool, it has expanded the communication ability of language in time and space; Language is a tool for exchanging ideas and expressing emotions. It is the most important link between the members of human society. Therefore, in order to learn a language, in addition to the ability of oral expression and communication in daily life, people also need to master the ability of written expression, and can accurately use words for reading and writing. The four abilities of listening, speaking, reading and writing should be improved at the same time. Although Chinese characters are one of the important factors in learning Chinese, they have brought great obstacles to Chinese learners. Chinese characters belong to square characters. They are composed of strokes, which are completely different from most of the characters in the world. Chinese learners with native phonetic background will always encounter difficulties in improving their Chinese reading and writing skills, because Chinese characters must be memorized in order to read and write. Chinese characters are also very strange to Thai students who learn Chinese. The differences between Chinese and Thai characters are very big. The particularity of Chinese characters makes it difficult for most students to read and write. Students think that Chinese character is one of the difficulties in learning Chinese, so I choose Chinese character as the object of study. This paper studies the situation of Thai students studying Chinese characters in universities from the perspective of students. Through the method of questionnaire and interview, I have learned about the attitude of Thai students towards Chinese characters, and the difficulties encountered in the process of learning Chinese characters. The learning methods of Chinese characters adopted by students, the teaching methods of teachers and the errors of students' writing of Chinese characters, etc., were collected and analyzed to find out the causes of the problems, and some suggestions for improving the teaching of Chinese characters were put forward. According to the results of the investigation, students think that "writing" is the most difficult skill to learn Chinese characters. Although students know that there are differences in each Chinese character, there will still be mistakes in the process of using it. The problems encountered by students in learning Chinese characters can be divided into three main types: 1. In the aspect of Chinese characters, most students encounter the most problems of "seeing characters without knowing the sound". 2. In the meaning of Chinese characters, Students encounter the problem of "see the word do not understand" the most. 3 in the form of Chinese characters, students always encounter the problem of "lifting pen forget words." It is because of these reasons that students in the process of learning a lot of Chinese character bias phenomenon. The author makes a deep analysis of this kind of errors and draws a conclusion that the problems in the process of learning Chinese characters of the students in the University of Art are not only the characteristics of the Chinese characters themselves but also the lack of context in the process of studying Chinese for foreign students. Besides the insufficient amount of practice and improper teaching methods, it is also related to the establishment of Chinese courses in the University of Art. Finally, in the fifth chapter, according to my own thinking, I put forward some suggestions on Chinese character teaching and Chinese curriculum.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：H195.3

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