基于原型理论的指类句研究

发布时间：2021-03-16 02:40

　　指类句是一种表达一类事物普遍特征的句子,如“鸟会飞”,“鸡生蛋”,“蚊子携带西尼罗河病毒”等,这种表达在人们的日常对话和某些百科性质的书中十分常见。存在并容忍反例是指类句最大的特点。早在上世纪70年代,指类句就引起了语言学、逻辑学以及人工智能等领域学者的研究兴趣。迄今为止,研究大都集中于对指类句逻辑形式和形式语义的研究,而对指类句的形成和识解的认知机制的研究并不多。近年来,有些学者开始尝试从认知的角度对指类句进行研究,但还不够全面深入,很多特殊指类句并不能得到较好的解释。本研究在现有研究的基础上,对不同类型指类句识解的认知机制进行了研究,以从更深的层次探究指类句的认知基础。此外,本研究还通过问卷调查的形式,分析了中外学生识解指类句的真实情况,并发现了与指类句识解有关的因素。本研究扩展了原型范畴理论的应用范围,并对指类句的语义标注和人工智能的发展有一定的实用价值。研究结果表明:范畴是围绕中心原型组织的,可能具有多维度多水平子类原型的认知结构,并保留了一些涉及特殊经历的样例信息。根据带有某一范畴样例的经历,个体会构建一个中心表达或者原型,并根据这一原型表达理解该类事物。其中,人们关于某事物... 

【文章来源】：重庆大学重庆市 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直属院校

【文章页数】：76 页

【学位级别】：硕士

【文章目录】：
中文摘要
ABSTRACT
Chapter One Introduction
    1.1 Background and motivation of the study
    1.2 Significance of the study
    1.3 Scope and Methodology of the study
    1.4 Organization of the thesis
Chapter Two Literature Review
    2.1 What is a generic?
    2.2 Overview of previous studies on generics
        2.2.1 Rule-based study
        2.2.2 Probability-based study
        2.2.3 Cognition-based study
        2.2.4 Comparison among the three research methods
    2.3 Summary
Chapter Three The acquisition of prototype category and its cognitive structure
    3.1 Theories and models of categorization
        3.1.1 The classical theory
        3.1.2 The prototype theory
    3.2 The acquisition of prototype categories
        3.2.1 Previous studies on the acquisition of prototype categories
        3.2.2 The basic routes to acquiring prototype categories
    3.3 The cognitive structure of prototype categories
        3.3.1 A parallel accumulation of features
        3.3.2 The cognitive structure of prototypes
        3.3.3 The cognitive structure of prototype categories
    3.4 Summary
Chapter Four The cognitive mechanism of understanding generics based on prototype experience
    4.1 A questionnaire about generics
        4.1.1 Method
        4.1.2 Results
        4.1.3 General discussion
    4.2 The general cognitive mechanisms of understanding generics
    4.3 The cognitive mechanisms of understanding particular generics
        4.3.1 Cognitive mechanisms of understanding gender-relative generics
        4.3.2 Cognitive mechanisms of understanding generics with possible individuals
        4.3.3 Cognitive mechanisms of understanding generics with small probability
    4.4 Summary
Chapter Five Conclusion
    5.1 Major findings of the study
    5.2 Limitations of the study
    5.3 Prospect for further study
Acknowledgments
References
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E



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