新老湘语单音节词首塞音的VOT对比分析

发布时间：2017-06-11 06:10

  本文关键词：新老湘语单音节词首塞音的VOT对比分析，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

【摘要】：本研究通过田野调查和实验语音学分析对湘语七地(新湘语：长沙、益阳、湘阴；老湘语：城步、新宁、双峰、湘乡)方言字首塞音的嗓音起始时间(VOT)声学特征进行系统地描写,并结合语料对VOT的普遍意义及具体语音实现等相关理论做进一步探讨。本研究的研究问题包括：1)湘语各方言点词首塞音系统具有怎样的VOT格局?2)VOT能否有效区分湘语的各类塞音?3)各方言点塞音VOT是否具有部位效应?本实验中,各方言点选取8个讲纯正当地方言的发音合作人(4男4女),朗读一份由108～150个单字组成的调查字表,并采用录音机、手提电脑录音。通过对各点所有塞音的VOT值进行测量和统计分析,从声学角度描写各点塞音VOT格局,并检验VOT区分湘语的各类塞音的有效性及VOT值和各方言点塞音的发音部位的相关性。研究表明,老湘语各点均存在浊塞音,新湘语各点无浊塞音：第二,统计分析显示,VOT值能明显地把新、老湘语各点中的有清浊和送气区别的塞音区分开来。新湘语中的清不送气和清送气塞音的VOT平均值大致为+15ms和+90ms,与前人对汉语普通话、粤语、甚至与英语、荷兰语等的研究结论类似；老湘语中的浊不送气、清不送气和清送气塞音的VOT平均值大致为-80ms、+15ms和+80ms,这和泰语、Hindi语等具有相同的三分塞音的VOT均值接近。第三,新老湘语各点的VOT的部位效应存在差异。具体说来,湘阴和益阳方言的清不送气塞音类、长沙方言的清送气塞音类、城步方言的清塞音类、双峰方言的清塞音类、新宁方言的清不送气和浊塞音类存在部位效应。然而,在湘乡方言中,清不送气、清送气塞音类软腭音VOT最长,但双唇音和舌尖音不存在部位效应,其舌尖音的VOT值小于双唇音的VOT值。此外,双峰和湘乡方言的浊塞音不存在部位效应,发音位置最靠后的软腭音VOT值最小。因此,VOT的部位效应不具有普遍意义,不同语言在不同塞音部位的VOT语音实现上有各自的规则。本研究的意义在于：首次对新、老湘语代表点的塞音VOT格局进行语音学描述；验证了老湘语浊音的存在,描述了老湘语中的浊塞音VOT性质：运用统计数据论证VOT参数区分新、老湘语各方言点塞音音类的有效性,丰富了对塞音VOT的跨方言研究；通过湘语语料说明VOT部位效应不具有普遍意义。本研究丰富了湘语的描写,此外,VOT作为重要的声学数据参考,有助于提高未来方言合成和识别度。
【关键词】：嗓音起始时间 塞音 新湘语 老湘语
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：H174
【目录】：

• 摘要8-9
• Abstract9-11
• Abbreviation11-14
• Chapter 1 Introduction14-20
• 1.1 Preliminaries14
• 1.2 Theoretical Background14-18
• 1.2.1 VOT Definition15
• 1.2.2 Stop Categories15-17
• 1.2.3 Place Effect on VOT17-18
• 1.3 Motivations and Significance for Present Research18-19
• 1.4 Organization of the Thesis19-20
• Chapter 2 Literature Review20-29
• 2.1 Stop System in Xiang Dialects20-24
• 2.1.1 Stop System of New Xiang Dialects20-22
• 2.1.2 Stop System of Old Xiang Dialects22-24
• 2.2 VOT Patterns in Mandarin and Dialects24-27
• 2.2.1 Mandarin VOT Pattern25-26
• 2.2.2 VOT Patterns in Other Dialects26-27
• 2.3 Summary27-29
• Chapter 3 Methodology29-32
• 3.1 Participants29
• 3.2 Test Materials29-30
• 3.3 Procedures30-31
• 3.3.1 Measurement31
• 3.3.2 Data Analysis31
• 3.4 Results31-32
• Chapter 4 Experimental Analysis of Three-way Contrast Stops in OXDs32-47
• 4.1 Experimental Analysis of Stops in SFD33-36
• 4.1.1 VOT Pattern of Stops in SFD33-34
• 4.1.2 The Trade-off Effect of POA among Stops34-35
• 4.1.3 VOT in Differentiating Different Stop Categories35-36
• 4.2 Experimental Analysis of Stops in XXD36-40
• 4.2.1 VOT Pattern of Stops in XXD37-38
• 4.2.2 The Trade-off Effect of POA among Stops38
• 4.2.3 VOT in Differentiating Different Stop Categories38-40
• 4.3 Experimental Analysis of Stops in XND40-43
• 4.3.1 VOT Pattern of Stops in XND40-41
• 4.3.2 The Trade-off Effect of POA among Stops41
• 4.3.3 VOT in Differentiating Different Stop Categories41-43
• 4.4 Experimental Analysis of Stops in CBD43-45
• 4.4.1 VOT Pattern of Stops in CBD43-44
• 4.4.2 The Trade-off Effect of POA among Stops44
• 4.4.3 VOT in Differentiating Different Stop Categories44-45
• 4.5 Summary45-47
• Chapter 5 Experimental Analysis of Two-way Contrast Stops in NXDs47-57
• 5.1 Experimental Analysis of Stops in XYD49-51
• 5.1.1 VOT Pattern of Stops in XYD49-50
• 5.1.2 The Trade-off Effect of POA among Stops50
• 5.1.3 VOT in Differentiating Different Stop Categories50-51
• 5.2 Experimental Analysis of Stops in YYD51-54
• 5.2.1 VOT Pattern of Stops in YYD52
• 5.2.2 The Trade-off Effect of POA among Stops52
• 5.2.3 VOT in Differentiating Different Stop Categories52-54
• 5.3 Experimental Analysis of Stops in CSD54-56
• 5.3.1 VOT Pattern of Stops in XND54-55
• 5.3.2 The Trade-off Effect of POA among Stops55
• 5.3.3 VOT in Differentiating Different Stop Categories55-56
• 5.4 Summary56-57
• Chapter 6 Discussion57-64
• 6.1 VOT Pattern Comparison between Old and New Xiang Dialects57-58
• 6.2 The Universality of VOT in Differentiating Different Stop Categories58-62
• 6.2.1 VOT in Differentiating Two-Category languages59-61
• 6.2.2 VOT in Differentiating Three-Category languages61-62
• 6.3 Non-university of POA among Stops62-63
• 6.4 Summary63-64
• Conclusion64-66
• References66-68
• Appendix A Test Tables for Recording68-71
• Appendix B 详细中文摘要71-73
• Appendix C Information of the informants73-75
• Acknowledgement75

  本文关键词：新老湘语单音节词首塞音的VOT对比分析，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。

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