本能、荣誉与神话:《伊利亚特》中马的多重内涵

发布时间：2018-01-08 16:10

本文关键词：本能、荣誉与神话:《伊利亚特》中马的多重内涵　出处：《外国文学研究》2016年06期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：在《伊利亚特》中,战场上的马敏感善变,需要御者的理性与机敏才能很好地驾驭,史诗对"车马—御者"组合的描写,形成了英雄的自我控制主题,这一主题启发了柏拉图的灵魂马车说,促成了西方文化中马与人类矛盾的双重本能的象征关系。作为一部有着悠久的口传传统的作品,《伊利亚特》对马和战车竞技的描写反映了荷马时代正在形成的竞技文化,马是财富的象征,车赛冠军更是英雄追求的荣誉的王冠,史诗的描写对古风时期以后希腊竞技文化的发展起到了推动作用。此外,史诗中的马神话蕴含了丰富的古希腊宗教形成的信息,呈现了以宙斯为代表的、外来的天空神和以波塞冬为代表的本土神的斗争与融合的过程,表现了希腊新宗教的人本主义思想。
[Abstract]:In Iliad, the horses on the battlefield are sensitive and fickle, and need the rationality and agility of the emissaries to be able to control well. The epic depicts the combination of "the chariot and the horse", and forms the self-control theme of the hero. This theme inspired Plato's soul carriage and contributed to the double instinctive symbolic relationship between horses and human beings in western culture. It is a work with a long tradition of oral transmission. The description of horse and chariot athletics in Iliad reflects the emerging competitive culture in Homer era. The horse is the symbol of wealth and the champion of the car race is the crown of honor pursued by the hero. The description of epic plays an important role in the development of Greek competitive culture after the ancient style period. In addition, the horse mythology in the epic contains abundant information of ancient Greek religion, which is represented by Zeus. The struggle and amalgamation of the foreign sky gods and the local gods represented by Poseidon showed the humanism of the new Greek religion.
【作者单位】：绍兴文理学院;
【分类号】：I545.072
【正文快照】： 《伊利亚特》1写到了狮子、马、牛、羊、狗、蛇、鹰等许多动物,这些涉及动物的诗行蕴含了荷马时代及此前社会生活的各种信息,以其丰富性和多义性共同塑造了史诗亘古的魅力。在这些动物中,只有“马”有专有名称2,“马”也是史诗中除人、神以外,惟一能言的动物,荷马还像描述英雄

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