文学语用学视角下戏剧《玩偶之家》中的“玩偶”形象的解读

发布时间：2018-03-18 14:28

本文选题：文学语用学　切入点：微观探究　出处：《新疆大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：作为一门交叉的新兴学科,文学语用学于20世纪80年代正式登上学术舞台,受到文学与语言学学者的广泛关注。文学语用学是个强大的语言分析工具,不仅能为文学作品研究提供新视角,而且具有很强的阐释性。一方面它能够在文学文本中验证语用学的有效性,也能从宏观和微观双重层面挖掘作品的主题。微观层面专注于运用语用学的相关理论对文学文本进行解读,可通过对指称、含义、言语行为等各个侧面挖掘剧中人物的相互关系,情节发展;宏观层面可从作者人生经历、社会环境、人物塑造等方面进行全方位解读,进一步挖掘作品主题。在语用学的相关理论中,语言哲学家格赖斯提出的会话含义理论是重要的理论之一。根据格赖斯的观点,在人类交际中“会话含义”普遍存在,其理据是交际双方对合作原则的遵守与否。可以说,合作原则是格赖斯提出会话含义理论的核心内容。同时,指示语也是语用学理论的基本课题之一,通过研究小说篇章及人物对话的指示语现象,加深对人物心理、社会地位及人物关系的理解,促进文学作品解读。因此本文试图从文学语用学的微观宏观两个层面对易卜生所著三幕问题剧《玩偶之家》中的玩偶形象进行解读。本文以文学语用学为研究视野,在微观层面运用合作原则及指示语相关理论对玩偶之家的对话进行研究分析,通过由违反合作原则而产生的会话含义及海尔茂与娜拉的权势关系的解读,得到娜拉是家庭社会下的玩偶并经历了三个阶段:从隐性顺从的玩偶,到显性觉醒的玩偶以及最后反叛玩偶的女性形象。在宏观层面则侧重对易卜生人生经历、社会环境、人物塑造的动态解读,阐明当时女性也是资本主义父权制度下的玩偶。易卜生在《玩偶之家》中对玩偶形象的塑造既是当时时代背景下的妙笔生花,也对当今的社会发展有启示意义。因此,本研究从文学语用学的视角对《玩偶之家》里的玩偶形象进行了解读,加深了对作品人物心理、社会地位及人物关系的理解,充实了对《玩偶之家》的研究范畴。
[Abstract]:As an intersecting and emerging discipline, literary pragmatics formally entered the academic stage in 1980s and received extensive attention from literary and linguistic scholars. Literary pragmatics is a powerful tool for language analysis. It not only provides a new perspective for the study of literary works, but also has a strong explanatory nature. On the one hand, it can verify the validity of pragmatics in literary texts. It is also possible to dig up the themes of the works from the macro and micro perspectives. The microcosmic level focuses on the interpretation of literary texts by using the relevant theories of pragmatics. Speech act and other aspects excavate the relationship and plot development of the characters in the play, the macro level can be interpreted from the author's life experience, social environment, character shaping and so on. In the relevant theories of pragmatics, the conversational implicature theory put forward by the linguistic philosopher Grice is one of the important theories. According to Grice, "conversational implicature" is common in human communication. It can be said that cooperative principle is the core of Grice's theory of conversational implicature. At the same time, deixis is one of the basic topics of pragmatic theory. By studying the phenomenon of deixis in novels and dialogues, the author tries to deepen the understanding of the psychology, social status and relationship of the characters. Therefore, this paper attempts to interpret the image of the doll in Ibsen's three-act play "the House of the Dolls" from the microcosmic and macroscopic aspects of literary pragmatics. Using the cooperative principle and the relevant theory of deixis at the micro level, the author studies and analyzes the dialogue in the family of dolls, and interprets the conversational implicature generated by the violation of the principle of cooperation and the powerful relationship between Helmut and Nora. Nala is a doll in the family society and has gone through three stages: the hidden obedient doll, the overt awakening doll and the female image of the last rebellious doll. At the macro level, she focuses on Ibsen's life experience, social environment, and so on. The dynamic interpretation of the character shaping illustrates that women were also dolls under the capitalist patriarchal system. Ibsen's portrayal of the doll image in the House of the Dolls is a masterpiece in the background of the times. Therefore, from the perspective of literary pragmatics, this study interprets the image of the doll in the House of the Dolls and deepens the understanding of the psychology, social status and relationship of the characters in the works. It enriches the scope of the study of Dolls House.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I533.073

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