论室生犀星作品集《童子》中的妖怪形象

发布时间：2018-03-18 16:31

本文选题：室生犀星　切入点：妖怪　出处：《东北师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：日本是一个崇尚自然、神灵的民族,从绳文时代开始一直信奉神灵、鬼怪的存在,形成了“八百万神”的民间信仰。在这种文化背景之下,借鉴中国鬼怪文化的基础上,建立了丰富多彩的妖怪文化,塑造了大量的、鲜活的妖怪形象,形成了日本文化中的重要组成部分。并且妖怪文化已经渗透到日本人们生活的各个方面,通过漫画、影视、绘画、文学作品等形式得以呈现和发展。特别是在整个日本文学史进程中涌现出众多书写妖怪的作家和作品,形成了独特的妖怪文学。可以说妖怪文学是探讨日本民族文化的一个特殊而又不可忽视的方面。本文探讨日本近代文学中以妖怪形象创作为特点的作家室生犀星,分析其作品集《童子》中描绘的各类妖怪形象。室生犀星(むろう·さいせい),1889年8月1日出生于日本北陆地区保守、传统的文化之城——金泽市。他的创作生涯历经了明治、大正、昭和三个重要的时期,活跃于日本近代文坛。故乡的山川、悲惨的童年、坎坷的人生经历让他对生命、社会、人性有着独到的见解,也孕育了他独特、细腻的创作风格。他在作品中描绘了众多、鲜活、典型的妖怪形象,塑造了充满幻想性的文学世界。妖怪形象的频繁登场,不仅是室生犀星文学创作的主要特点,更是围绕犀星的创作产生争议的主要原因。迄今为止,国内外从妖怪视角对其作品进行探究的成果较少,因此对其妖怪形象的阐释有利于深入探究室生犀星的文学创作和精神世界。作品集《童子》是犀星妖怪创作的代表,其中的作品都是在混乱、动荡的大正年间创作出来的,是作家和时代的共同产物。本文结合日本民间故事和民俗学方面的知识,分类探究室生犀星作品中的妖怪形象特质,从而探索作家创作的深层动机以及带来的影响和意义。室生犀星通过变态、直接的感官表现以及善与恶的交织当中塑造了童子、超能力女性以及金泽传说中出现的人鱼、天狗等众多妖怪形象,从而折射出自己对不安、阴暗的人以及动荡的社会的深刻思考和体会,有着深刻的寓意和现实意义。同时,室生犀星的妖怪形象突破了传统妖怪给人带来恐怖和危害的特点,更多表达出了一种淡淡的哀伤和脉脉的温情,而且透过表面的阴暗,感受到的不是颓废和消极,而是在逆境和不幸中仍能向上的、积极的生活态度以及对美好、理想的向往。室生犀星借助不可思议的妖怪世界传达着对人性的关怀,这也是他回归人之自然本性以及崇尚神秘、美好信仰的“原乡”动机的重要体现。
[Abstract]:Japan is a nation that advocates nature and deities. It has always believed in gods and ghosts since the period of rope writing. The existence of ghosts and monsters has formed the folk belief of "8 million gods." on the basis of this kind of cultural background and drawing lessons from the Chinese culture of ghosts and monsters, Has established a rich and colorful monster culture, created a large number of vivid monster images, and formed an important part of Japanese culture. And the genie culture has penetrated into all aspects of Japanese people's lives, through cartoons, movies and television, Painting, literary works and other forms have been presented and developed. Especially in the whole history of Japanese literature, many writers and works of genie writing have emerged. It can be said that genie literature is a special and unneglectable aspect of Japanese national culture. An analysis of the images of various geniuses depicted in his collection of works "Boy Scouts". Kawazawa, a conservative and traditional cultural city in Japan's northern land region, was born in August 1st 1889. His creative career has gone through the Meiji period. The three important periods of Taisho and Showa were active in modern Japanese literary circles. His tragic childhood and bumpy life experience made him have unique views on life, society and human nature, and gave birth to his uniqueness. In his works, he depicts numerous, vivid and typical genie images and shapes a literary world full of illusions. The frequent appearance of monster images is not only the main feature of the literary creation of Rhinoceros. It is also the main reason of controversy around the creation of Rhinoceros. So far, there have been few achievements in exploring his works from the perspective of monsters at home and abroad. Therefore, the interpretation of its monster image is conducive to the in-depth exploration of the literary creation and spiritual world of Rhinoceros. The collection of works, Boy Scouts, is the representative of the creation of the Rhinoceros Monster, whose works were created during the chaotic and turbulent years of Dazheng. This paper, combined with Japanese folk stories and folklore knowledge, classifies and explores the genie image characteristics in Miyasheng Rhinoceros' works. Thus exploring the deep motive and the influence and significance of the writer's creation. Through perversion, direct sensual expression and the interweaving of good and evil, the room born Rhinoceros molds the child, the supernatural female and the mermaid in the legend of Kanazawa. The images of many monsters, such as the Heavenly Dog, reflect their profound thinking and experience of the restless, dark people and the turbulent society. At the same time, they have profound moral and practical significance. The image of the genie of the Rhinoceros breaks through the characteristics of terror and harm brought by the traditional genie, and more expresses a faint sadness and the warmth of MaiMai, and through the shadow of the surface, what is felt is not decadence and negativity. But still able to rise in adversity and misfortune, a positive attitude to life and a yearning for beauty and ideals. The Rhinoceros convey their concern for humanity with the help of the incredible world of monsters. This is also an important embodiment of his return to the natural nature of man and his "original country" motive of advocating mystery and good faith.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I313.06

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