孤独—《云中鸦片》的彼端

发布时间：2018-04-10 01:11

本文选题：孤独　切入点：《云中鸦片》　出处：《北京第二外国语学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：《云中鸦片》是哥伦比亚作家拉菲尔·查帕罗的代表作品,获得1992年度的哥伦比亚国家文学奖。作为作者仅有的发表于生前的小说,这部作品在哥伦比亚国内反响巨大。而又因其主题表现了城市中年轻人的生存状态,在年轻读者中引起了广泛的共鸣。小说的创作手法非常新颖,多个叙事者,片段式结构,时间、逻辑顺序的混乱,独白、呓语、文字游戏的穿插,使作品语言带有明显的实验性。就其内容而言,反传统的人物设定,弱化的情节以及作品中荒诞的世界,也使这部小说与传统作品割裂开来。《云中鸦片》主要描写了一群社会边缘的年轻人,孤独的他们终日沉迷于酒精、毒品和性爱,而行尸走肉般的生活的使得他们既无法挽救他人,也无法实现自我救赎。于是,有人浑浑噩噩日复一日重复着这样的生活,也有人无法忍受而最终自我了断。整部作品虽然都在描写日常的生活,反映的却是城市生活中年轻人的孤独与痛苦。本篇论文首先介绍了作品及作者的概况,提出其中的孤独主题,并介绍了对这部小说各方面以及对孤独这一人类共有状态在心理学及哲学方面的研究现状。孤独是世界文学广泛关注的主题之一,而拉美地区又因其独有的历史与现状对孤独有着特殊的敏感,因此拉美文学格外关注孤独。海德格尔,弗洛姆等哲学家阐释了人类孤独的来源,而现代人又因其与自然环境的隔离,承受着一种异于农耕时代的新式孤独。作品所指的城市是哥伦比亚首都波哥大,工业的发展让城市生活日益现代化,而长期的武装冲突又让社会动荡不安。小说三要素的情节、人物、环境,以及作者重复使用的意象,和贯穿全文的摇滚音乐元素,都深刻反映出当时波哥大年轻人的孤独。本文作者尝试通过文中人物的行为方式,结合作者的自身经历及其发表的各种作品,探讨作者对于孤独的思考及写作意图。文中人物实则主动选择了孤独,作者这样的安排与其想要表达的思想密切相关,即当时年轻人内心对混乱社会的不满与排斥。本论文认为,《云中鸦片》无论从表达手法还是作品内容上,都反应了孤独这一主题。作者虽然描写的是城市中年轻男男女女的日常生活,但他们的离经叛道和消极颓废都只是其内心孤独的外化体现。书中那个淫雨霏霏的城市实际上脱胎于哥伦比亚首都波哥大,而这些年轻人的生活方式便是波哥大现实的文学体现。作者通过描写这些年轻人的主动孤独,表达了对于那个时代社会乱象的无声抵抗。孤独固然痛苦,但选择孤独就是为了不让自我意识消亡于城市机制的吞噬。《云中鸦片》看似呈现了一幅没有理想的年轻人的群像图,实则揭露了隐匿在当时社会繁华之下他们精神上的孤独空洞。愤怒而忧虑的作者,观察这个他深爱的城市,极冷的批判,却恰好吐露出他极热的心,折射出他对现代人生存状态的思考。
[Abstract]:Opium in the Cloud is the representative work of the Colombian writer Rafael Chaparro and won the 1992 Colombian National Prize for Literature.As the author's only antemortem novel, the work has a strong response in Colombia.Because of its theme, it shows the existence of the young people in the city, and it resonates widely among the young readers.The novel creation technique is very novel, the multi-narrator, the fragment structure, the time, the logical sequence confusion, the monologue, the delirium, the text game interspersed, causes the work language to have the obvious experimental.As far as its content is concerned, the anti-traditional character setting, the weakening plot and the absurd world in the work also separate the novel from the traditional work. Opium in the Cloud mainly depicts a group of young people on the margins of society.Lonely, they are addicted to alcohol, drugs and sex all the time, and the Walking Dead Life makes them unable to save others or to redeem themselves.As a result, some people repeat this life day after day, and others end up ending up with it.Although the whole work depicts daily life, it reflects the loneliness and pain of young people in urban life.This paper first introduces the works and the author's general situation, puts forward the lonely theme, and introduces the current situation of the study of loneliness, the common state of mankind in psychology and philosophy.Loneliness is one of the themes of the world literature, and Latin American literature pays special attention to loneliness because of its unique history and current situation.Heidegger, Fromm and other philosophers explained the origin of human loneliness, and modern people bear a new type of loneliness different from the farming era because of its isolation from the natural environment.The city in question is Bogota, Colombia's capital. Industrial development has modernized urban life and long armed conflict has destabilized society.The plot, characters, environment, the image of the author's repeated use, and the rock music elements throughout the full text all reflect the loneliness of Bogota's young people at that time.The author attempts to explore the author's thinking and writing intention of loneliness through the behavior of the characters in the text, combined with the author's own experience and various works published.In fact, the characters choose loneliness actively. The author's arrangement is closely related to the thought he wants to express, that is, the young people's dissatisfaction and rejection of the chaotic society at that time.This thesis holds that opium in the cloud reflects the theme of loneliness in terms of expression and content.Although the author describes the daily life of young men and women in the city, their deviance and negative decadence are just the externalization of their inner loneliness.The rainy city in the book is actually born out of Bogot 谩, the Colombian capital, and the way these young people live is the literary embodiment of Bogot 谩 's reality.By describing the active loneliness of these young people, the author expresses his silent resistance to the social chaos of that time.Loneliness is painful, but the choice of loneliness is to prevent self-consciousness from dying out of the urban machinery. Opium in the Cloud seems to present a group picture of young people without ideals.In fact, it exposed their spiritual loneliness hidden in the prosperity of the society at that time.The angry and anxious author, observing the city he loved, the coldest critique, just revealed his extremely hot heart, reflecting his thoughts on the living conditions of modern people.
【学位授予单位】：北京第二外国语学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I775.074

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