美国少数族裔文学的演进与反思

发布时间：2018-04-10 11:19

本文选题：美利坚多元民族 + 少数族裔文学　；参考：《甘肃社会科学》2017年02期

【摘要】：在民族文学框架下,美利坚民族文学是由白人主流文学与少数族裔文学构建而成的。基于移民的多元文化背景,美国族裔文学作家在既有的族裔心理格局基础上,着力表现各自族裔在美利坚民族大家庭中的诉求,在原住民印第安人、欧洲白人移民、拉美移民、亚洲移民和非洲移民等多元异质文化与白人主流文化之间不断碰撞与整合的过程中,由族裔的排他性向共同性发展、由族裔诉求向人类共同的普世价值观诉求演进,涌现出一批诸如辛格、贝娄、布罗茨基、莫里森、纳博科夫、谭恩美和汤婷婷等少数族裔优秀文学家,进而使族裔文学与主流文学融为一体,为美利坚民族文学和世界文学的发展做出了重大贡献。美国族裔文学的发展史表明,美国倡导的资产阶级民主和自由存在很大局限性,在族裔语言与英语之间亦表现出话语权之争。但是,族裔文学的发展史及其作品的经典化之路又表明,美利坚民族是一个在多元文化背景下形成的民族或族裔的"百衲图",而非人们惯常所说的"大熔炉",因而,美国族裔文学研究对多元民族的整合与发展而言,具有重要的启示意义。
[Abstract]:Under the framework of national literature, American national literature is constructed from white mainstream literature and minority literature.Based on the multicultural background of immigrants, American ethnic literature writers, on the basis of the existing ethnic psychological pattern, exert themselves to express the demands of their respective ethnic groups in the American national family, such as Native Indians, white immigrants from Europe, immigrants from Latin America.In the process of continuous collision and integration between Asian immigrants and African immigrants and the white mainstream culture, the process of ethnic exclusivity to commonality and from ethnic demands to the common universal values of mankind evolved.A group of outstanding writers from ethnic minorities, such as Singh, Bellow, Brodsky, Morrison, Nabokov, Tan En-mei and Kingston, emerged, thus merging ethnic literature with mainstream literature.It has made great contributions to the development of American national literature and world literature.The history of the development of American ethnic literature shows that the bourgeois democracy and freedom advocated by the United States have great limitations, and there is also a debate between ethnic language and English.However, the history of the development of ethnic literature and the road to the canonization of its works also show that the American nation is a "patchwork" of a nation or ethnicity formed in a multicultural context, rather than a "melting pot", as is commonly referred to as the "melting pot".The study of American ethnic literature is of great significance to the integration and development of multiple nations.
【作者单位】：长春师范大学外国语学院;吉林大学公共外语教育学院;
【基金】：国家留学基金管理委员会资助项目“美国文学研究”(项目号:CSC97822032) 吉林省社会科学规划基金“十八大”专题重点项目“文学的文化软实力研究”(项目号:2013A04)
【分类号】：I712.06

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