《美国悲剧》中克莱德犯罪动机的精神分析

发布时间：2018-04-24 05:18

本文选题：西奥多·德莱塞 + 《美国悲剧》　；参考：《山东科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：二十世纪上半叶是美国小说的黄金时代,小说创作欣欣向荣,人才辈出。西奥多·德莱塞是美国文学史上的杰出代表,他开创了现实主义小说的先河,同时也是美国现代小说的先驱,在美国文学史上,他率先毫无偏见地描写美国城市生活。在一定程度上深刻影响了他同时代的许多作家。《美国悲剧》从1925年12月出版以来一直被公认为是德莱塞最伟大的小说,也是美国最伟大的小说之一。由于《美国悲剧》是一部关于欲望,权利以及犯罪的小说,所以这篇论文根据精神分析的理论和学说来对《美国悲剧》进行分析,尤其是用弗洛伊德的三重人格结构学说来解释克莱德犯罪动机的深层原因。在弗洛伊德的理论当中,心理人格被分为三个部分,本我代表心理本能,自我代表心理社会,超我代表道德理想。他们追求不同的目标,本我追求快乐,自我追求现实,超我追求完美,在一般情况下,三者处于平衡和谐状态,人格处于健康状态,当三者之间的关系失调时,就会产生心理或者精神疾病。弗洛伊德指出犯罪本身就是由心理失衡引起的,这篇文章在弗洛伊德三重人格结构的基础上分析克莱德犯罪的心理原因,尤其是本我、自我、超我三重人格的缺陷和失衡。论文分为三章,第一章描写了克莱德在不可控制的强大自我的驱使下永不满足的欲望,他过分追求物质和性的满足,为了自己的享受和虚荣逃避家庭责任。第二章介绍了克莱德失职的自我,他软弱失职的自我无法压制本我,换句话说,他的自我无法在享乐和现实之中保持一个动态的平衡,另外,他又无法有效的利用防御机制来缓解这种冲突和犹豫。超我是类似于良心的人格层面,充满了清规戒律。超我在三者当中处于最高地位,符合社会理想和传统价值。由于家庭和学校教育的缺失,克莱德的超我发展不健全并随着他的成长逐渐变得虚无缥缈,同时,由于他无能的超我致使他非常容易受到社会不良价值观的影响,最终导致他谋杀了自己的爱人。通过具体的分析,文章揭示了心理人格动态平衡的重要性。只有拥有健康的心理,才不至于迷失自我甚至犯罪。论文分析了克莱德犯罪动机的深层原因,尤其是本能欲望和道德的冲突,由此得出克莱德的犯罪是他心理失衡的结果,尤其是他不可控制的本我,失职的自我和无能的超我之间的失衡,总的来说,克莱德的犯罪是三者之间位置的混乱和故障的结果。
[Abstract]:The first half of the twentieth century was the golden age of American fiction. Theodore Dreiser is an outstanding representative in the history of American literature. He pioneered realistic novels and modern American novels. In the history of American literature, he took the lead in describing American urban life without prejudice. American tragedy has been recognized as Dreiser's greatest novel and one of the greatest American novels since its publication in December 1925. Because American tragedy is a novel about desire, right and crime, this paper analyzes American tragedy according to the theory and theory of psychoanalysis. In particular, Freud's theory of triple personality structure is used to explain the deep reasons of Clyde's criminal motive. In Freud's theory, psychological personality is divided into three parts: the ego represents the psychological instinct, the ego represents the psychological society, and the superego represents the moral ideal. They pursue different goals, the ego pursues happiness, the ego pursues reality, the superego pursues perfection, in general, the three are in balance and harmony, and the personality is in a healthy state, when the relationship between the three is out of balance. There will be psychological or mental illness. Freud pointed out that crime itself is caused by psychological imbalance. This article analyzes the psychological reasons of Clyde's crime on the basis of Freud's triple personality structure, especially the defects and imbalances of ego, ego and superego triple personality. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter describes Clyde's insatiable desire driven by the uncontrollable and powerful ego. He pursues the material and sexual satisfaction too much and evades family responsibility for his own enjoyment and vanity. The second chapter introduces Clyde's self-dereliction of duty, his weak dereliction of duty cannot suppress the ego, in other words, his ego cannot maintain a dynamic balance between pleasure and reality, and in addition, He is also unable to effectively use defensive mechanisms to mitigate such conflicts and hesitations. Superego is similar to the conscience of the personality level, full of discipline. Superego is in the highest position of the three, in line with social ideals and traditional values. Because of the lack of family and school education, Clyde's superego developed and gradually became illusory as he grew up, and his incompetent superego made him very vulnerable to the negative values of society. In the end, he murdered his lover. Through specific analysis, the paper reveals the importance of dynamic balance of psychological personality. Only with a healthy mind can we not lose ourselves or even commit crimes. The paper analyzes the deep reasons of Clyde's criminal motive, especially the conflict between instinct desire and morality, and concludes that Clyde's crime is the result of his psychological imbalance, especially his uncontrollable ego. The imbalance between derelict self and incompetent superego, Clyde's crime is the result of confusion and malfunction between the three.
【学位授予单位】：山东科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074

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