“地球中空说”、南极探险与想象美国的三种方式

发布时间：2018-05-11 06:49

本文选题：南极探险 + 航海叙事　；参考：《外国文学评论》2017年02期

【摘要】：十九世纪初,美国以官方组织的南极探险为标志,加入了列强的海上竞争。退伍美军上尉西姆斯提出的"地球中空说"虽显荒谬,却代表了普通美国人对海上探险与扩张的兴趣。作为西姆斯曾经的追随者,雷诺兹不仅促成了十九世纪美国历史上耗资最多、规模最大的南极探险行动,还在其国会演讲中以狂热的民族主义与扩张主义论调,重新定义了美国与海洋的关系。与之相对,"地球中空说"直接催生的托名作品《西姆佐尼亚》既批判了航海冒险与扩张,也以极点之下的乌托邦社会为镜,表达了对工商业日渐兴起的美国社会的不满。同以南极探险为主题之一的爱伦·坡小说《皮姆》则更为晦涩与复杂,既以航行之中无可调和的黑白冲突点明了同时期美国日渐明显的种族焦虑,又以对主人公南极之行途中遭遇的殖民原初场景的反讽再现深刻地表达了对帝国扩张的怀疑与批评。
[Abstract]:In the early nineteenth century, the United States, marked by an official Antarctic expedition, joined the sea competition of the powers. Captain Sims's "Earth Hollow", though absurd, represents the average American's interest in maritime exploration and expansion. As a former follower of Sims, Reynolds not only contributed to the most expensive and largest Antarctic expedition in American history in the nineteenth century, but also spoke with fanatical nationalism and expansionism in his congressional address. The relationship between the United States and the sea has been redefined. On the other hand, "Earth Hollow Theory", a masterpiece named "Simzonia", not only criticizes maritime adventure and expansion, but also expresses dissatisfaction with the rising American society of industry and commerce by taking the utopian society under the pole as a mirror. Allan Poe's novel Pim, one of the themes of the Antarctic expedition, is even more obscure and complex, with the irreconcilable black and white conflict points during the voyage revealing the growing racial anxieties of the United States of America at the same time. The irony of the protagonist's original colonial scene on his journey to the South Pole profoundly expresses his doubts and criticism of empire expansion.
【作者单位】：宁波大学外国语学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目“英美航海小说中的自我想象与国家认同研究”(12CWW036)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：I712.06

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