“背叛”与“祝福”：论《终结的感觉》的伦理叙事

发布时间：2018-05-18 15:32

本文选题：《终结的感觉》 + 背叛　；参考：《宁波大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：朱利安·巴恩斯是活跃在当代英国文坛上的一颗闪耀的巨星,他凭借《终结的感觉》获得了当代英语小说界的最高奖项——布克奖。在这部小说中他延续了以往的创作风格,在形式上注重后现代主义的写作技巧,打破历史与真实的界限;在内容上注重对日常生活的书写,揭示关于爱情、婚姻、死亡、背叛、祝福、乱伦、悔恨等重大伦理命题,呈现小说人物的伦理意识和伦理悲剧。《终结的感觉》不仅体现了巴恩斯在叙事上的精湛技巧,更是通过叙述者韦伯斯特对记忆的运作完成了伦理情感的表达,体现了作者深刻的人文主义关怀。论文共分为五部分:绪论部分对巴恩斯的创作及研究现状进行概述,对小说主要采用的研究方法和相关概念进行说明,特别是对“叙事伦理”与“伦理叙事”的概念进行梳理,为论文的展开奠定基础。正文分三部分,第一部分围绕叙事的“迷障”展开,“迷障”营造需要不可靠记忆与不充分材料的参与。韦伯斯特的回忆本身具有不可靠性,维罗妮卡的回应,更加凸显了两者主体意识的冲突,由此构建了小说的不可靠叙述。莎拉作为整个事件的主要人物,她留下的遗言和遗物构成了“迷障”形成的不充分材料。罗布森并不是事件的参与者,但是他的自杀是对“历史”的一次真实演绎,即不可靠的记忆与不充分的材料相遇所产生的确定性,并且他对艾德里安最终命运具有“预设隐喻”的作用。整个故事因为韦伯斯特不可靠的叙述变得扑所迷离,而莎拉提供的遗嘱与罗布森的自杀事件进一步构成了这一叙事“迷障”,使之成为一个难以揭开的谜团。第二部分主要探讨小说叙事“解码”的过程。“历史”物证是解码的钥匙,物证中蕴含的“不稳定因素”推动小说的叙事进程。当事人莎拉的“故事讲述”和遗物的“故事悬置”,促使韦伯斯特产生诸多疑问,并迈开追问真相的第一步。艾德里安日记中的“累加赌注公式”以及日记结尾中的“假使托尼”这一假设,使得韦伯斯特认识到自己与艾德里安的自杀有一定关联,但是他并不知晓他应该承担怎样的责任,于是陷入到无休止的道德反思中。韦伯斯特写给艾德里安的充满诅咒和毒辣语言的书信,以及那张“以死谢罪”的明信片,宣告了韦伯斯特回忆的自欺欺人,以及韦伯斯特在艾德里安自杀事件中不可抹去的道德责任。第三部分探讨叙事的“终结”,揭示叙事伦理的真相。维罗妮卡与韦伯斯特之间这段消逝的恋情是四人最终陷入困境的开端,韦伯斯特的自私虚伪致使他寄出了诅咒信和“以死谢罪”的明信片,最终影响了维罗妮卡与艾德里安的恋情,并成为导致艾德里安陷入到与莎拉不伦恋的重要因素。艾德里安在这段不伦恋中陷入绝望,面对“娶母”的禁忌,艾德里安迷失在“背叛”与“祝福”的两难选择中,最终以自杀的方式维护了正常的伦理秩序。韦伯斯特在回忆中将事实歪曲,在追问“历史”的过程中他又将整个故事进行了重构,重构后的真相让他陷入到无限的悔恨中,他误会了艾德里安、辜负了维罗妮卡。韦伯斯特在走向终结的过程中一步步见证了自己的道德品行,并将用余生承担与日俱增的良心责问。结语部分,总结小说的伦理叙事特征。小说通过“故事内隐喻”(罗布森的自杀事件)的方式完成了对艾德里安命运和对整个事件构架的预设。通过“故事外置换”,包括人物和内容的置换,实现了对伦理问题的思考。巴恩斯巧妙设计小说从“迷障”到“解码”,再到“终结”的叙事构架,在消解历史的叙述中建构伦理,揭示了关于乱伦、背叛、悔恨、责任等重要伦理命题,达到了对伦理思想的深刻表达,从而维护了伦理秩序。
[Abstract]:Julian Barnes is a sparkling star in the contemporary English literary world. He won the top prize of the contemporary English fiction world, the buck prize, with the feeling of "the end". In this novel, he continues the previous style of creation, pays more attention to the writing skills of Postmodernism in form, and breaks the boundary between history and reality. In content, it pays attention to the writing of daily life, reveals the important ethical propositions about love, marriage, death, betrayal, blessings, incest, repentance and other important ethical propositions, and presents the ethical and ethical tragedies of the characters of the novel. The feeling of "end" not only embodies the exquisite technique of Barnes in the narrative, but also through the narrator Webster's operation of memory. It has become the expression of ethical emotion and embodies the profound humanistic concern of the author. The thesis is divided into five parts: the introduction part summarizes the present situation of Barnes's creation and research, and explains the research methods and related concepts mainly adopted in the novel, especially the concept of "narrative Lun" and "Ethical Narrative". The text is divided into three parts. The text is divided into three parts. The first part revolves around the narrative "obscuring", and the creation of "obsessed" needs unreliable memory and incomplete materials. The memory of Webster itself is unreliable and Veronica's response, which highlights the conflict of the consciousness of the two parties, and thus constructs a novel. Reliable narration. As the main character of the whole event, Sarah's remains and remains constitute an inadequate material for the formation of "the barrier". He is not a participant in the event, but his suicide is a true interpretation of "history", the certainty of the unreliable memory and inadequate material meeting. He has the role of "Presupposition metaphor" for Adrian's final fate. The whole story has become obsessed with Webster's unreliable narration, and Sarah's will and robrson's suicide further constitute the narrative "obscuration", making it a mystery. The second part mainly discusses the narrative of the novel. "History" is the process of decoding. The "historical" material evidence is the key to decode. The "unstable factor" contained in the material evidence promotes the narrative process of the novel. The "story telling" of the parties and the "story suspension" of the remains of the litigants cause Webster to produce many questions and take the first step of asking the truth. The "tired" in Adrian's diary. "Add the bet formula," and the hypothesis of "Toni" in the end of the diary, make Webster realize that he has a certain connection with Adrian's suicide, but he does not know what responsibility he should take, so he falls into the endless moral reflection. Webster writes Adrian to Adrian with the curse and poison. The letter, and the postcard of "death thanks to death", proclaimed the self deception of Webster, and the moral responsibility that Webster could not erase in Adrian's suicide. The third part explored the "end" of the narrative, revealing the truth of narrative ethics. The disappearing love between Veronica and Webster. It was the beginning of the Quartet's eventual plight. Webster's selfish hypocrisy caused him to send a letter of curse and a postcard "to death and thank him", which eventually affected the love between Veronica and Adrian, and became an important factor in Adrian's fall in love with Shara. Adrian was in despair in this undisorderly love affair. The taboo of "marry mother", Adrian is lost in the dilemma of "betrayal" and "blessing", and eventually maintains the normal ethical order in the way of suicide. Webster distorts the facts in recollection. In the process of asking "history", he reconstructs the whole story, and the truth after reconstructing makes him fall into limitless regret. In the middle of hatred, he misunderstood Adrian and failed to live up to Veronica. Webster had witnessed his moral conduct step by step in the process of ending, and he would use the rest of his life to take on the increasing conscience. The concluding part summed up the ethical narrative features of the novel. The novel passed the "metaphor in the case" (the suicide of Robson). Completed the fate of Adrian and the framework of the whole event. Through "the replacement of the story", including the replacement of the characters and contents, it realized the thinking of the ethical problems. Barnes skillfully designed the novel from "obsessed" to "decode", and then to "the end" of the narrative framework, and constructed ethics in the narration of historical narration. With regard to incest, betrayal, regret, responsibility and other important ethical proposition, it has reached a profound expression of ethical thought, thus maintaining the ethical order.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I561.074

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