语言资源与人际意义—评价理论视角下《红字》女主角的语言特点研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 23:09

本文选题：《红字》 + 评价理论　；参考：《四川师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为对韩礼德系统功能语言学中人际功能的发展,评价理论首先由马丁在20世纪90年代提出。它由态度、介入和级差三个子系统构成。该理论将语言视为资源,认为语言在评估说话者、表明立场和建立人际关系等人际意义的构建过程中起着重要作用。本文拟从评价理论视角出发,对那桑利亚·霍桑的代表作《红字》女主角的语言特点进行研究。《红字》作为那桑利亚·霍桑的代表作,自1850年问世以来,就成为了学者们讨论与研究的对象,对女主人公的研究更成为了焦点。大量对角色心理的描写及人物的刻画,使整部小说充满了人际意义色彩,所以部分学者已开始运用评价理论对该小说进行解读,但大都只限于其中的一个系统,忽略了三个系统间的互联性。因此,本文试图运用评价理论的整个系统对《红字》女主角的语言特点进行研究,以探究女主角的语言资源所蕴含的人际意义,进而揭示女主角的内心情感和性格特点。本文主要选取了女主人公海斯特和其他男性角色,特别是与齐林沃斯和丁梅斯代尔的对话作为研究语料。基于语料收集和数据分析,女主角海斯特的语言特点如下:海斯特对态度资源,特别是判断资源的大量使用,增强了其话语的客观性和可信度;相较而言,海斯特很少使用使话语变得主观且情态化的情感资源。此外,对消极态度资源,特别是消极判断资源的大量运用,突出了海斯特对谈话者的消极评价。在介入资源的使用方面,对话性收缩资源要多于对话性扩张资源。大量对话性收缩资源的使用,表明海斯特在很大程度上关闭了与对话者的协商空间,突出了她对控制话语权、主导谈话的要求。在级差资源的使用方面,海斯特主要通过语势资源来实现评价意义。而语义的实现形式则主要通过反复、比较级和最高级等方式。正如态度资源,介入资源和级差资源是联合互动的,级差资源调节态度及介入资源的程度。通过大量级差资源的使用,有利于海斯特增强话语的强度,体现她的态度。从选取的资源及其分布规律看,海斯特对于三种资源的使用都分别呈逐渐递增态势。态度资源,特别是判断资源的逐渐递增,体现了海斯特逐渐增强的自信;介入资源特别是对话性收缩资源的递增体现了她逐渐提升的主导话语的要求;而逐渐增加的级差资源,特别是语势资源则有利于海斯特增强话语的强度。这些都体现了海斯特内心的变化和她反抗意识的增强。通过以上对女主角海斯特语言资源和人际意义间关系的分析,海斯特逐渐成熟的反抗精神和自由思想被清晰地反映出来,海斯特的内心世界得到了很好的揭示。同时也证明了评价理论对于解释文学作品的适用性,为从评价理论角度阐释文学作品提供了新的视角。
[Abstract]:As a development of interpersonal function in Halliday's systemic functional linguistics, the theory of evaluation was first put forward by Martin in the 1990s. It consists of three subsystems: attitude, intervention and differential. The theory regards language as a resource, and holds that language plays an important role in the construction of interpersonal meaning such as evaluating the speaker, expressing stand and establishing interpersonal relationship. From the perspective of evaluation theory, this paper intends to study the linguistic characteristics of Nassanaria Hawthorne's masterpiece, the Scarlet letter, which has been the masterpiece of Nassanaria Hawthorne since its birth in 1850. It has become the object of discussion and study of scholars, and the study of heroine has become the focus. A large number of portrayals of character psychology and characters make the whole novel full of interpersonal meaning, so some scholars have begun to use evaluation theory to interpret the novel, but most of them are limited to one system. The interconnection of the three systems is ignored. Therefore, this paper attempts to use the whole system of evaluation theory to study the language characteristics of the heroine, in order to explore the interpersonal meaning contained in the language resources of the heroine, and then reveal the inner emotion and personality characteristics of the heroine. This thesis mainly selects the heroine Hester and other male characters, especially the dialogue with Chilinworth and Dimmesdale. Based on corpus collection and data analysis, Heist's language features are as follows: Heist's extensive use of attitude resources, especially judgment resources, enhances the objectivity and credibility of her discourse. Hester rarely uses emotional resources that make discourse subjective and modal. In addition, the extensive use of negative attitude resources, especially negative judgment resources, highlights Hester's negative assessment of the talker. In the use of intervention resources, conversational contractile resources are more than conversational expansion resources. The use of a large amount of conversational contractionary resources shows that Hester has largely closed the negotiation space with the interlocutors, highlighting her demand for controlling the right to speak and dominating the conversation. In the use of differential resources, Heist mainly through the use of potential resources to achieve evaluation significance. But the semantic realization form is mainly through the repetition, the comparison level and the most advanced way and so on. Just as attitude resources, intervention resources and differential resources are joint interaction, differential resources regulate attitude and intervention of resources. Through the use of a large number of differential resources, Heist helps to strengthen the intensity of discourse and reflect her attitude. According to the selected resources and their distribution, Heist's use of the three kinds of resources is gradually increasing. The gradual increase of attitude resources, especially judgment resources, reflects Hester's confidence gradually; the increasing intervention resources, especially conversational contractile resources, reflect the requirements of her gradually increasing dominant discourse; and gradually increasing graded resources, In particular, the potential resources are conducive to Hester's enhancement of discourse intensity. All these reflect Hester's inner changes and the strengthening of her resistance consciousness. Through the above analysis of the relationship between Hester's language resources and interpersonal meaning, Hester's gradually mature spirit of resistance and his thoughts of freedom are clearly reflected, and Hester's inner world is well revealed. It also proves the applicability of evaluation theory to the interpretation of literary works and provides a new perspective for the interpretation of literary works from the perspective of evaluation theory.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074

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