论福斯特短篇小说中的自然观

发布时间：2018-06-03 02:15

本文选题：福斯特 + 短篇小说　；参考：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：爱德华·摩根·福斯特(Edward Morgan Forster,1879-1970)是二十世纪最重要的英国小说家之一。福斯特的长篇小说奠定了其作为文学大师的地位,其短篇小说则以大胆而不失隽永的表达、别而有趣的题材、天马行空的想象、古典神话的元素框架成为现代主义短篇小说创作道路上的另类风景,其短小精悍的形式、意蕴多元化的象征、精致典雅的语言以及怪诞不经的奇想使之区别于长篇小说的创作的同时成为福斯特创作中不容忽视的重要部分。本文聚焦福斯特短篇小说中的内外自然描写,分析福斯特自然观在创作中的嬗变过程,并对其实现回归自然的“联结”方式进行深度解读。本文根据福斯特短篇小说创作的三个阶段分为三个章节。第一章以《惊恐记》、《另类王国》和《始于科娄纳斯的路》等为例,分析指出福斯特在其短篇创作的最初阶段,借以逃离与旅行的方式,使得小说主人公遭遇自然神的“洗礼”而恢复自然本真的状态,从而获得人与自然、人与人之间联结的契机;第二章以《机器停转》、《安德鲁斯先生》和《永恒的瞬间》为例,分析指出以“旅行”模式的联结方式以失败告终之后,福斯特转而走向更为广阔的非现实世界,尝试以反乌托邦世界的分崩离析引领迷失本性的人们重回到过去的自然家园,然而由于此种回归方式根基之虚幻性,看似充满希望的结局总是与阴郁相伴;第三章以《来生》与《另一条船》为例,分析指出福斯特对“普通”(异性恋)的“文明”世界深感失望,因而把笔触转向内心最真实的诉求,在文本中展露出其隐匿已久的同性恋意识,福斯特通过释放人物内心的原始欲望以恢复其“野性”和“自然天性”的一面,他把联结寄希望于同性之爱,然而由于殖民扩张、种族歧视、土地以及文化侵略,此种联结方式一旦脱离“绿林”的庇护,其作用的发挥效果甚微。纵观福斯特的短篇小说的创作,其对回归外在自然以及重获内在自然天性的的渴望贯穿始终,并且随着创作阶段的不同福斯特实施联结内外自然的方式呈现出多样化的态势。福斯特寻求内外自然和解、联结的观念与当代构建和谐社会的生态需求相呼应,在时代发展的潮流中起到了积极的引领作用。
[Abstract]:Edward Morgan Foster Edward Morgan Forstern was one of the most important English novelists of the twentieth century. Foster's novels have established his position as a literary master, and his short stories are bold and meaningful expressions, other and interesting subjects, imagination. The element frame of classical mythology becomes a kind of alternative scenery on the road of modernism short story creation, its short and intrepid form, implying the symbol of pluralism, The exquisite and elegant language and strange fancy make it different from the creation of the novel and become an important part of Foster's creation. This paper focuses on the description of internal and external nature in Foster's short stories, analyzes the transmutation process of Foster's view of nature in his creation, and makes a deep interpretation of its "connection" way of returning to nature. According to the three stages of Foster's short story creation, this paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter takes "panic Story", "alternative Kingdom" and "the Road from Cronus" as examples, and points out the way that Foster escapes and travels in the initial stage of his short works. It makes the protagonist of the novel encounter the baptism of the god of nature and restore the state of nature, thus obtaining the opportunity of connection between man and nature and between man and man. The second chapter takes "Machine stop", "Mr. Andrews" and "Eternal moment" as examples. It is pointed out that after the "travel" mode of connection ended in failure, Foster turned to the wider world of non-reality, trying to lead the people who lost their nature to return to their natural homes by the disintegration of the dystopian world. However, because of the illusory nature of the roots of this return, the seemingly hopeful ending is always accompanied by gloom; the third chapter takes "afterlife" and "another ship" as examples. It is pointed out that Foster is deeply disappointed in the "civilization" world of "ordinary" (heterosexual), so he turns his pen to the truest appeal of his heart, and shows his long-hidden homosexual consciousness in the text. Foster restores his "wild" and "natural nature" side by releasing the original desires of the characters. He assigns hope to the love of the same sex, but due to colonial expansion, racial discrimination, land and cultural aggression, Once separated from the "green forest" shelter, this kind of connection has little effect. Throughout the creation of Foster's short stories, his desire to return to external nature and regain his inherent natural nature runs through the whole process, and with the different stages of creation, the ways of connecting the internal and external nature of Foster show a variety of trends. Foster seeks internal and external natural reconciliation, the concept of connection echoes with the ecological needs of building a harmonious society, and plays an active leading role in the trend of the development of the times.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I561.074

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