论《红字》中霍桑对清教思想的矛盾态度

发布时间：2018-07-29 11:38

【摘要】：纳撒尼尔·霍桑是美国文学史上浪漫主义和心理分析小说的开创者。他的代表作《红字》,甫一出版即大获成功,并成为世界文学经典。《红字》以十七世纪北美清教殖民统治下的新英格兰波士顿为背景,霍桑在小说中用大量的笔墨描写了清教文化对人们的影响。清教不仅仅是一种宗教思想的代名词,它也代表着清教徒们的生活方式。通过对小说人物,情节和主题的描绘,霍桑在《红字》中表达了他对清教思想的态度。一方面,霍桑祖先世代都是虔诚的清教徒,且在萨勒姆驱巫案中扮演过不光彩角色,这段历史带给了他深深的负罪感,影响了他的创作思想。另一方面,霍桑生活的时代正是超验主义如火如茶发展的时期,对超验主义的吸收、怀疑与超越也影响了他对清教思想的理解。总而言之,《红字》体现了霍桑对清教思想的矛盾态度。作为一种宗教思想,霍桑非常认同清教主义对"罪"与"预定论"的看法。不同的是,霍桑强调了人的主观能动性,认为人可以通过内省认识罪恶,从而实现道德的新生和灵魂的升华。而作为一种生活方式,霍桑既看到了清教生活的严苛和清教主义对人性的摧残,也肯定了清教徒精神在美国建国和发展过程中的积极作用。论文绪论部分介绍了国内外对霍桑和《红字》的研究历史和状况;第一章分析了清教主义的起源、主要信条及其对清教徒生活的影响;第二章分析了小说中的清教主义元素,主要体现在清教社区和主要人物身上;第三章则分别阐释了霍桑对清教教义和清教生活的看法,从而得出他对清教思想的矛盾态度。
[Abstract]:Nathaniel Hawthorne was the founder of romantic and psychoanalytic novels in the history of American literature. His masterpiece, the scarlet letter, was a great success and became a world literary classic. "The scarlet letter > with the background of the new England Boston under the seventeenth Century North American Puritan colonial rule, Hawthorne described the Qing Dynasty with a large number of ink and ink." The influence of teaching culture on people. Puritanism is not only a pronoun of religious thought, it also represents the way of life of the Puritans. Through the portrayal of the characters, plots and themes of the novel, Hawthorne expressed his attitude towards the Puritanism in the scarlet letter. On the one hand, the ancestors of Hawthorne were all devout Puritans, and in saram. On the other hand, Hawthorne's life is the time of Transcendentalism as the development of tea, and the absorption of Transcendentalism, suspicion and transcendence also influenced his understanding of the thought of the Qing Dynasty. In a word, the scarlet letter embodies Hawthorne. The contradictory attitude to the Puritanism thought, as a religious thought, Hawthorne strongly agreed with the views of Puritanism on "sin" and "the theory of predestination". Hawthorne emphasized the subjective initiative of human beings and thought that people could recognize the evil by introspection and thus realize the moral freshmen and the sublimation of the soul. As a way of life, Hawthorne saw both. The exormity of Puritanism and the devastation of Puritanism and Puritanism to human nature also affirmed the positive role of the Puritan spirit in the process of the founding and development of the United States. The introduction part introduced the history and status of the study of Hawthorne and the scarlet letter at home and abroad; the first chapter analyzed the origin of Puritanism, the main creed and the shadow of the Pilgrims' life. The second chapter analyzes the Puritanism elements in the novel, mainly in the Puritan community and the main characters; the third chapter explains Hawthorne's views on the Puritanism and the life of Puritanism respectively, and thus draws his contradictory attitude towards the Puritanism.
【学位授予单位】：北京外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：I712.074

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